Traumatic Gun shot wounds from 7.62mm and effect on lower limbs Essay

Traumatic Gun opalescent wounds from 7.62mm and effect on lower limbs - Essay ExampleIt is then imperative that modalities in medicine be upgraded to combat mans health opponents. Researches and studies in science have been genuinely useful and pertinent in conquering the battle against illnesses which commends the utilization of a wide range of treatment modalities from simple techniques to complex equipments. Accidents or illnesses involving line of reasoning loss may lead to hemorrhagic shock which is life threatening. Although our body has its proclaim mechanics in counteracting instability, a profound and in many cases, chronic illnesses may lead to enfeeblement of the bodys system thus failing its purpose in maintaining equilibrium. Wound repair is the tone-beginning of the tissues that are damaged to re change by reversal to their normal activity and architectural and mechanical integrity after the damage. to a greater extent often than not perfect damages of fluid los s, prevention of infection, reinstating foregoingly normal liquefy of furrow and the lymphatic system is not achieved due to the necessity and rush to go back to and perform its suffice especially if the injury is severe and diffuse. Regeneration on the other hand refers to flawless restoration of the previous tissue structure without formation of a scar. While regeneration is the aim of wound ameliorate, it only happens during immature growth and development and in lower forms of organisms. A fundamental concept in wound healing in humans is that all injured tissues pass with in the similar sequence of processes which are depute into definite phases. Yet, these activities in each stage may coincide within the same time in a single wound. Every wound assumes the fundamental phase of wound repair. Acute wounds undergo the unionised and well-timed process of repairing in order to attain long lasting structural and functional restoration of the tissue. Meanwhile, chronic wounds do not undergo to re-establishment of its functional integrity rather restoration is delayed in the inflammatory phase due to several causes and do not advance to the last phase (Townsend, et al., 2007). hemostasis is defined as livestock loss from a damaged blood vessel. In the setting of a severely injured or ruptured vessel the process of hemostasis can be accomplished by various methods constriction of the vessels affected, organization of platelets to form a plug, creation of a blood coagulate with the virtuousness of blood coagulation, and eventually, production of fibrous tissue within the to permanently seal the gap in the blood vessel (Guyton & Hall, 2006). Each of the mechanics of hemostasis act in sequence but are in addition interconnected so as to promote multiple reinforcement to the area of impairment. Instantly after a trauma to a vessel, the injury to the wall of the blood vessel results to contraction of the wall which is in turn caused by reflexes, local spa sms, and local platelet factors especially the thromboxane A2 which is a potent vasoconstrictor. In effect, the blood flow from this vessel is decreased. The contraction can last from a few several minutes to few hours in which the next step of forming a platelet plug can be initiated. If the injury to the vessel is very minute, the cut is usually blocked by a platelet plug instead of a blood clot. These little cuts in the blood vessels happen daily. The next hemostatic mechanism is the formation of the blood clot which starts to form within the first 15 to 20 seconds after the trauma, if the injury to th

The Acquisition of Tense by L1 Arabic Learners of English Language Research Proposal

The Acquisition of Tense by L1 Arabic Learners of side row - Research Proposal ExampleOne explanation for the difficulty is the Aspect Hypothesis. There is in addition a Perceptual Salience Hypothesis (Man, 1990). Others have proposed that syntactic knowledge is not impaired, rather that the manage is extra-syntactic (Prevost & White, 2000). Also for Arabic speakers, there is the problem when final consonant clusters occur which are avoided in their L1. such(prenominal) phonetic differences pose difficulties (Strange, 1995). Confusion of past tenses was one of the main types of errors in tenses reported in a study of Arab learners of English at the University of Sudan (Kambal, 1980).According to the Aspect Hypothesis, learners associate forms that mark time with the lexical grimace inherent in the meaning of the verb (Robinson, 2008317). Bardovi-Harlig (1998) and Anderson & Shirai (2007) are proponents of the Aspect Hypothesis. Syntactic theory is advocated by the likes of Donna Lardiere (2007) and is a victimisation of Chomskys principles. She suggests that the central question is how a learner manages to associate the particular featural specifications of the target language that is, a syntactic representation with their overt realization in the input (Archibald, 2000103). According to the syntactic theory it is each a deficiency in the knowledge of syntax or incorrect mapping of syntactic representations that motility complications in acquiring tense.The difficulty in the formation of verbal inflections in L1 Arabic Learners of English talking to is due to the influence of L2 acquisition of verbal inflectional morphemes. The applicability of this Aspects Hypothesis will be well-tried and the alternative hypothesis offered by syntactic theory will be considered within the context of SLA (Second Language Acquisition).Children in schools are readily available subjects for study and suitable because they are at am mobile learning age. 30 students wil l be sought at 3 different proficiency levels whose basic language is

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Management accounting - Essay suitA higher actual purchase cost is depicted by the adverse material hurt variance. The prices of raw materials may have increased in the overall market. Moreover, this may be due to uneffective buying by the company. The procurement staff may have ordered the materials in small quantities that did non attract any discount. The material usage variance also is unfavorable. The materials purchased may have been of a trim back quality than the standard. In addition, the company may have employed unskilled labour party.The favorable labor count variance affirms that the company may have employed un-skilled labor. In addition, the overall wage rates in the industry could have increased. Ultimately, it may have resulted due to poor planning by the management of Geeta. In contrast, the labor efficiency variance is unfavorable. It may be be come of the company hiring un-skilled labor than the standard.Increased cost of work utilise may have made the v ariable overhead expenditure variance unfavorable. A turn in the statutory minimum wage rate may be a possible cause of the adverse variance. The adverse variable overhead variance is a result of more time used in the manufacturing process than the standard time. In addition, it could have resulted due to use of cheaper materials, use of unskilled labor and decline in the efficiency of machines used.Variances are interrelated when one is unfavorable while the other is favorable. This is demonstrate in the labor variances. The favorable labor rate variance indicates that the company may have employed unskilled labor, which resulted in unfavorable labor efficiency variance.Costing systems help a company to look the relevant cost of a product. The traditional costing and activity based costing are the two common costing systems used. Activity based costing is a replacement to the traditional costing method. It divides action into major activities and then assigns costs to the acti vities based on the

Goal Setting - Point of View Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goal Setting - Point of View - Coursework utilizationFor instance, a clear oddment should take into consideration the parts of your day to day work that rack up you happy or frustrated. This helps to deal with different scenarios that may emerge while you carry out your duties. This besides helps you to assess your interactions with your boss so as to be able to take corrective mea trusteds that can advance the chances of attaining the desired goals.The other important idea that should characterize goal setting for 2015 is that a specific goal should be measurable. This helps the user to be in a position to establish if the desired goal is attainable. This helps you to experience that you are on track. If not, then necessary adjustments should be put in place to make sure that the desired goal is achieved. A well defined goal should be realistic, measurable and attainable. The avenue to be followed towards the attainment of the goal should also be clearly outlined so as to make it slatternly to attain the desired

Improving or Enhancing Quality and Competency Development at the Dissertation

better or Enhancing Quality and Competency Development at the care for Facuilty Using Leadership skills - Dissertation ExampleThe proposed research aims to explore the strategies that rout out be applied in up nursing teaching using the leadership skills. The objectives of the teaching include identifying the leadership strategies that can be applied in improving teaching, assessing the teaching needs of the nursing faculty, evaluating the effective approaches applicable in improving these needs and developing a practical strategy capable of improving the teaching environment. The special order of data collection will involve questionnaires. Journals and books will be used to provide inessential teaching source related to the topic of study. Table of Contents A Research Proposal on Strategies of Improving Quality and Competency Development in Nursing Faculty Using Leadership skills 1 generalisation 1 Leadership is the interpersonal process that involves motivating and guiding others to achieve goals. Leadership involves the use of interpersonal skills to influence others in the accomplishment accomplish a specific goal. ... The objectives of the study include identifying the leadership strategies that can be applied in improving teaching, assessing the teaching needs of the nursing faculty, evaluating the effective approaches applicable in improving these needs and developing a practical strategy capable of improving the teaching environment. The primary method of data collection will involve questionnaires. Journals and books will be used to provide secondary information source related to the topic of study. 1 Table of Contents 2 PURPOSE OF choose 3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3 AIM 8 OBJECTIVES 8 RESEARCH QUESTION 8 Pre-Observation Interview Questions 10 Post-Observation Interview Questions 10 DATA ANALYSIS 12 Statistical figures such as charts and graphs will be used in the analysis of quantitative data. Descriptive statistics will also be used to ascertai n the demographic characteristics of the sample. Qualitative data will be analysed through content analysis. 12 CONCLUSION 12 RATIONAL Improving nursing teaching requires exceptional leadership with the will to advocate change, ambition to set high-level goals and commitment in implementation. Application of leadership skills involves being clear nearly the goals to be applied in the improvement of the organisational goals, agreeing on an effective approach for implementation and focusing on the implementation and monitoring progress. Global nursing faculties are looking for the most cost-effective and quality convey of delivering efficient nursing education, with the main focus being improving the employee competence. PURPOSE OF STUDY The purpose of the study is to identify the strategies of improving teaching in faculties through application of the leadership skills.

The theory to the Study of International Relations Essay

The theory to the Study of external transaction - Essay ExampleIt is worthwhile to take a look at the above definitions and examine whether Inter bailiwick dealings truly reflect the emotions and desires of the people of the once Soviet-bloc. It could help to understand the principles of Realism, Marxism, Liberalism, and Constructivism, the major international transaction theories to substantiate this study. Equality was what it preached. No doubt, the business class had to consider its spoils with the working class, but on the whole, Marxism desire to suppress the feudal system of class discrimination. Realism was more State oriented. It chose to look at national interests more than another(prenominal)s. Security and billet is their aim. notwithstanding the fall of the cold war, America is seen as the global police musical composition. Despite rising poverty and unemployment at home, America is more preoccupied with interests elsewhere. Liberalism is what the younger genera tion craves for. Independence and underlying needs and wants are their vision. In the light of the revelation, it has become clear that the critical theory of International Relations is a jig-saw puzzle indeed. In the words of the Mahatma Interdependence is and ought to be as much the ideal of man as self-sufficiency. Man is a social being. Without interrelation with society, he cannot realize his oneness with the universe or suppress his egotism. His social interdependence enables him to test his faith and to prove himself on the touchstone of reality Mahatma Gandhi, 1929, sums up the real thoughts of our young couple at Trafalgar Square.... There are two schools of thought, one looks to alter international law and international organizations to preserve peace the other emphasizes that nations go out always use their power to achieve goals and sees the key to peace in a balance of power among competing states. (R. Aron, H. J. Morgenthau, F. S. Northedge, and M. J. Grieve, www.an swers.com/topic/international-relations)In other words, International Relations are the relationship between people of different races and divide. The world order is changing. engineering has brought people much closer. There is a general consensus that mankind is one and that this world is for all to share it equally. So what was it that attracted the majority of communist nations turn to the Liberals and Realists Critical AnalysisIn the context, it is worthwhile to take a look at the above definitions and examine whether International Relations truly reflect the emotions and desires of the people of the erstwhile Soviet-bloc. It could help to understand the principles of Realism, Marxism, Liberalism, and Constructivism, the major international relations theories to substantiate this study. Realism is commonly defined as a concern for fact or reality and rejection of the impractical and visionary. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RealismRealism_in_international_relations) Realists beli eve that hard power, a concept used in realism, refers to national power through military and economic means. This holds true with the unlike policy advocated by the United States. Realism focused on States and national interest. In a reference before his nation launched an offensive against Afghanistan, President Bush said, We are supported by the collective will of the

Authenticity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Authenticity - Research Paper Example multitude think it is a creative extend but rather it is linked to plagiarism, this problem is quite common among people. It exits, because people olfactory modality easier to portion out plagiarized work. They do non make any attempt to research and find something impertinently in their work even history shows that Politians are also following the same methods and techniques to handle the state affairs, which were used in past decades. For instance, Axolotl Road kill, a book written be Hegemann, involutes plagiarized text. However, she gave a defense comment that pilot programity does not exist, in that respect is just authenticity. But many writers charter criticized this comment and considered that originality in research and other writings are very important in hallow to be creative (Labossiere Micheal, 2010). In accordance with the present and historical perspective, it can be verbalize that there is no originality. For instance ar tists modify the old ideas in new ways and can get keen success. But this thing cannot be considered as a true or authentic originality. Purpose of an original research is to educate and provide something new to people. It helps to enhance their knowledge and skills. This doesnt mean that originally does not exist, it is possible in various areas. One can easily identify a work which is copied and the work which provides something new. One of the main problem because of which people forgo the attempt of originality is to save their money and become populace domain, which is the main issue in the society. While authenticity is related to speaking in a authenticated voice, which should be done with sincerity and presumably, it means that work is presented in accordance to ones feeling and thinking. This means people usually built a same perception when they read others work. For example the book case of Hegemann discussed above, she said that were her thoughts and beliefs. This is not the dependable way to claim authenticity. This thing is most common in educational institutions students buckle under plagiarized work and defense that with a comment that we felt the same as this writer in the text thinks. This is a major problem, authenticity is mainly linked to ones feelings and thinking, each individuals nature is different from the other, indeed it indicates that authenticity have a direct link with originality (Buranen Lise 1999, 302). 1.2 Intellectual Property and remedies for violation Intellectual prop is violated due to growing use of meshwork, plagiarism and lack of originality. All information is transferred online which is subjecting to violate the bright property. A research concluded that present generation is with the view that intellectual property and media dont have same significance. Violation of intellectual property is not only done through internet but is can also be done in monetary, injunctive and criminal act. Therefore, some of t he remedies in come in to control the violation of intellectual property are discussed below Injunctive relief A remedy which is usually used for the violation of intellectual property is injunctive relief. In it court issues an order against a party to relinquish conducting its present actions or doesnt allow the party to continue further. For instance, if Pitney decides to introduce radio in its proceeds line and to do so in spite of originality, it considers buying a radio of Bozo wind and starts marketing this product in the name of Pitney radio. In this case Bozo have a right to ask

Economic measurements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic measurements - Essay ExampleNegative legitimate make domesticated product indicates lower incomes, lower consumption and poor standard of living (Brezina 24). Largely, consummate(a) domestic product is a better economical indicator than its alternatives despite its shortcomings.Production is one of the ship canal of estimating a countrys gross domestic product. Using production in estimating the gross domestic product requires the subtraction of inputs used in the production process from the value of the last output. The value of the final good incorporates the value of inputs and the expertise used in manufacturing and caution is needed not to overestimate the gross domestic product. Overestimation of the gross domestic product happens when outputs are double-counted. Double counting is avoided by work out and aggregating the value-added at different stages of production. The aggregate is called gross value added, it needs adjustment for taxes, and subsidies in order to bring in a gross domestic product estimate (Stiglitz et al 112).Gross domestic product is an applauded economic indicator because it movers in inflation. This allows investors and firms to compare incumbent tr decisions with previous periods. It does well in capturing the heath of an economy and it has a significant influence on markets (NAS 25). Gross domestic product is able to mark the beginning and the end of an economic recession. Gross domestic product is limited by its periodical release because its data may not be timely in capturing some changes in the economy. Its sensitivity to revision is a terminal point as it can have significant changes in historical figures (Fioramonti 85).Alternatives to gross domestic product in measuring the economic growth and health of a country include green accounting that factor in the environmental impacts of production. There are alternatives that take into account leisure. Index of sustainable

Organization development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Organization development - Essay ExampleIn addition, it differs from other change programs because it emphasizes on process instead of problems. It focuses on identifying behavioral patterns and interactions that cause and sustain problems.Change often causes strong feelings of disquiet when people sense that they have victims to external forces and lost power over their working lives. Leaders should come along over other employees to avoid rebelling the change.These major forces argon significant in helping a draw to identify necessary course of action to deal with the mixed reactions. They help leaders to turn the debate forces to their advantage rather than meeting them head on. Purpose is the most important because once it is communicated people hang on steadfast about the change despite the inevitable difficulties. However, success is the least important because it takes time to suffer success and the people can still resist change.In my opinion, the preferable mode for an effective OD program is consensus mode. it creates a climate here feelings are honestly and truly shared the OD program. Decisions are often made through continuous sharing of feelings and perceptions openly on organizational dominance and ego fulfillment. To some degree, all key partners are involved in the OD program thus ensuring effectiveness and support of the

Quantitative method for finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative method for finance - Essay practice2. Probability models are models that become relevant when the outcome of interest is not continuous (such as engage per week or stock prices) but rather binary in nature such as, track down/not work, survive/not survive etc. In such cases, the simplest possible methodology adoptable is that of the bilinear probability model or LPM. The response variable of interest, say Y takes the values 0 and 1 only and the approach is to model the expected value of this variable as a linear function of the independent predictor variables X(ii) The variance of y will be dependent on x. That is, the model will suffer from conditional heteroscedasticity. This violates the homoscedasticity surmise of OLS. Thus, even though estimates will still be unbiased, the OLS estimator will not be efficient and the estimated standard demerit will be biased.(iii) The error terms are also binary. They can only take the values of or and thus cannot be normally d istributed. Therefore, the effrontery of normality of errors is also violated and this in turn would imply problems for typical illative procedures.(iv) Finally, due to the binary nature of the dependent variable, diminishing returns cannot hold. Therefore, the functional form restricts the possibility of obtaining diminishing bare(a) impacts of the independent variable on the dependent variable.3. (i) If the condition does not hold, then applying OLS is no longer optimum. The assumption implies the error covariances are zero. This is necessary for OLS estimates to have the Best, Linear, Unbiased properties. If the error covariances are not zero, then the assumption of the Gauss-Markov theorem are not satisfied and thus, the OLS estimates are no longer best, although they are still unbiased and consistent. The important problem arises in the context of inferences.4. (i) If then the serial publication is said to have a unit root. This implies that the series is non-stationary. Th is essentially translates to the mean and

Industrial Activity and Environment in China Article

Industrial Activity and Environment in china - term ExampleThere is a need to find some ways to enable economic harvest-festival as well as reducing the environmental pollution.The article discusses the economic aspects with respect to the environmental perspective. However, China is considered as the reference country to depict the industrial growth and the concentration of different harmful pollutants to the atmosphere. As China has the worlds biggest population, the number of industries in China is increasing sidereal day by day and with the increase China has become the biggest producer of carbon dioxide. It is estimated that with this massive amount of air pollution near 300, 0000 people die annually. There is a need to consider the environmental health with the economic growth. disrespect the fact that the China has the worlds biggest population, the bonnie air pollution decreased due to the certain efforts of Chinas environmental regulatory authorities. Results show th at the average atmospheric SO2 levels decreased some 1997 to 2002, while, a little increase was seen in 2000. However, an increase in the average atmospheric SO2 is seen around 2002 to 2004. Similarly the average level of soot emission also decreased around 1997 to 2002 and a minor increase was seen around 2002 to 2004. The similar case is with the dust emissions from industries. These are the cardinal major components of air pollution. The decrease in these three components consequently lowered the pollution intensity, which was at the recorded level in 1998 and now it is on the lowest level. The major producers of the pollutants are the Chinas manufacturing industries like the steel/iron industries in China. Thus the industries are considered as the dirtiest industries among all other.

Research Methodological Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Research Methodological Approaches - Essay ExampleThe nature of inquiry being done dictates the type and kind of methodology which is to be employed. This is in terms of the data exhibition and analysis. For example, in collecting qualitative data, the researcher will probably be measuring variables and using them to verify existing theories and question hypotheses. In some instances, data is utilise in coming up with a new set of hypothesis based on the results of a given study. Since every research may be unique in its own way, it is common to find different methodologies being used. Segon & Booth points tabu that the collection of data or statistics is not the answer to understanding an underlying meaning in a study. It is the type of data obtained and how it is analyzed that will help in understanding meanings, experiences, theories, and beliefs. Data collection is continuously done in accordance with specific research vehicles guided by the underlying questions for that g iven study. This treatise looks into the various research methods which are used in academic journals. This is done by reviewing, evaluating and analyzing the methodological approaches which are used in thirty-five different studies. According to of Benedict & Gupta, different academic scholars use diverse methodological approaches to carrying out their studies. The various methodologies can generally be grouped into three major groups. These are qualitative, quantitative and quantitative research methods. Tsikata defines qualitative research as a method of inquiry which is used in academic studies with the aim of gathering the in-depth understanding of a given behavior. The method is important in fortune understand the reasons behind such behavior and impetuss. The qualitative research investigates not only why and how a given behavior is, but also where and when it takes place. Getnet remarks that, in most instances, focused samples are used. In new(prenominal) studies like Tsi kata, a larger sample can also be used depending on the trend being studied, and the research questions being investigated. Significant quantities of literature suggest that qualitative methodologies produce information on specific cases. On the basis of the particular subject being studied, general conclusions can be drawn. such conclusions are referred to as informed assertions.

Better speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Better speech - turn out ExampleStating an unjust law is no law at all (King 1), he argues that oppressed citizens moderate a moral obligation to break unfair laws. King believes that direct non-violent action will espo implement the issue of non-violent action so that it can no longer be ignored (2). The community, represented by their leaders, will thus have no option but to confront the issue through dialogue (king 2). This shows that though coming from a racial group that has been oppressed for hundreds of years he has faith in the possibility of the white power structure to rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic senior high of understanding and brotherhood.Unlike king who portrays unshakeable faith in the Statess ability to use dialogue in dealing with the unfairness brought about by segregation, Malcolm X, in The Ballot or The smoke, conveys the image of a bold and outspoken man. His speech proposes a paradigm shift in the mentation of civil ri ghts activists. He expounds the benefits of Black Nationalism to the audience and portrays Uncle Sam as unwilling to lift the glum man from oppression. He points out Americas conscience is bankrupt (Malcolm 1). This expressment is indicative of his disillusionment with the government. He believes that the white mans aim is to keep him in a permanent state of subjugation. He makes it clear that if the blacks are not empowered through participation in elective commonwealth (the ballot) they will have no choice but to seek empowerment through violence (the bullet). He urges the audience to wake up to the fact that neither the courts nor any form of dialogue within America will help solve the problems of the black community. Malcolm X (1) notes, The entire civil rights struggle needs a new interpretation. He informs the audience that they should no longer look for

Resolving conflicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Resolving conflicts - judge ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that teams and groups are inherent parts of the organization, where they exist naturally. unconstipated the formation of groups within organization occurs as part of an instinctive process that involves forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. According to social identity operator theory, people tend to identify themselves with a particular group, reacting in certain ways to the success or failure of that particular group. A long variety of projects are completed in groups where each person member contributes with his or her share of knowledge and skills. Thus, groups exist as central players in the workplace. Groups contribute immensely to the corporate culture of an organization. The present research has identified that groups shape member behavior to a great extent and this has implications on efficiency. The right set of group dynamics play a vital percentage in determining success ful execution of an objective. It is evidently clear from the discussion that groups also turn verboten to be more efficient than their individual counterparts. It takes the right combination of individuals within the group to work successfully and it is common for members to face with diverse peers within a group. This paper illustrates that in order to enhance the productivity of the group, some variables such as size, cohesiveness, and group culture, can be adjusted.

Project Management - Teams, Leadership, & Negotiation [sap5] Essay

formulate Management - Teams, Leadership, & Negotiation sap5 - Essay ExampleProject teams soften plans required for scheduling activities, estimating costs and making decisions on resources of work to be accomplished. Project teams revise plans of each project phase in its life cycle.These constitute people and other resources needed in carrying into action various plans. It provides services, products and the results of the project. For instance, implementing processes take into account development of project teams, managing and directing project team, carrying out quality assurance, selecting sellers and distributing information.Project raise is measured and monitored so that project teams meet the desired objectives. The staff and project manager determines progress against plans through taking corrective action. This phase includes performance reporting, where stakeholders identify significant changes keeping the project on track.The project is statelyly accepted and admini strative activities such as project files archiving, contracts closure, documenting of lessons learned and receipt of formal acceptance of work delivered and

''FRESCA company-TWO recommendations for improvements for any part of Essay

FRESCA company-TWO recommendations for improvements for any part of the marketing mix - Essay representativeThe asset of the company which exceeds 48 billion pounds and the annual growth in return of over 393 million net profits presents the need for the company to go public. In so doing, the company products will liquidate more demand especially once they harness the opportunity in the market as the self-assurance of consumers towards the company will increase. Furthermore, many customers will purchase the shares and they will help in developing and promoting the products look through innovation, contribution, reaching out to the consumers and lifting up the reputation of the buckram. To enhance output of persona and healthier produce, the firm source and secure the best and reliable partners.Reputation is an principal(prenominal) tool in promotion of a product that will improve once the firm succeeds in going public. The company will be forced to invest more in the creativi ty and innovation of their products to ensure that ethical trading, quality products, employee developing as well as effective customer service are met. The demand for its products will rises, career for more qualified staff to be employed in the firm as in so doing the quality of their product will not be altered due to overworked staff. The products of the company will be placed to more public attention and scrutiny especially in terms of health and quality standards and due to the fact that the company observes these requirements, hence, its market is sure to grow as Fresca Company observes these requirements. Health is important to the survival of mankind and this is what the company offer, healthy products. Success in increased sales is attributed to the highest quality of produced which transcend the expectations of customers through embracing a quality product line.As an international company, Fresca Company should take prefer of the virgin, fertile and huge piece of agri cultural land in Africa and partner with African countries in the production of

Organization management Essay Example for Free

nerve management EssayContents Click to go to section The organisational problem. The Organizational Development intervention they wanted. The cerebration behind the design of the OD intervention. The constraints I require to train within. The tools I decided to workout in the wizard day pull inshop. The shop design. How I used the revision puzzle kit. The end result Top Drag Me Contents Click to go to section The nerveal problem. The Organizational Development intervention they wanted. The view behind the design of the OD intervention. The constraints I needed to plough within.The tools I decided to use in the single day workshop. The workshop design. How I used the trade puzzle kit. The end result The organizational problem. I was called into a infirmary by their HR bus. The infirmary needed to improve 1 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions miscue study. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud mora le amongst its nurses. But as I spoke to different stakeholders, the issue became more complex. The HR managers told me that morale amongst nurses was at an all time low.At the same time the hospital was trying to change its tillage to go more patient and profit centric. It started off as a morale problem. But as I spoke to different stakeholders, it becam e more complex. The matron of the hospital was concerned most the poor relationships between the nurses, their whole managers and the doctors. The unit managers were up plant by the steering that doctors by-passed them and shouted at their nurses. The nurses and their managers blamed arrogant doctors for the poor morale in the hospital.The CEO was concerned that the doctors, who he saw as clients and partners of the hospital, were non happy with the service they were getting. The doctors, chose to prove their independent practices at the hospital, but had the freedom to take their business to an other(a) hospital, alltime t hey wanted. Losing specialists to competing hospitals would affect his hospitals brand and religious offering as well as its profitability. He was also tired of world the al superstar fartinger in the organization, and wished that the managers would begin to take responsibility and act like leaders.The Organizational Development intervention they wanted. The CEO, matron and HR manager all agreed that they wanted a matchless-day workshop for all internal managers in the hospital. They wanted the workshop objective to be To assistance the managers to develop a common focus regarding what they would need to do as a united squad, over the next 18 months. The thinking behind the design of the OD intervention. I k brand-new that I had to provide far more than what theyd asked for in their workshop objective. And far more than even the problems they had briefed me on.In choosing my design for the workshop, I needed a tool that would Build trust. Allow the managers to vent their fr ustrations in a course that allowed every manager to be heard. But not in a way that would pass into a negative gripe session closely the doctors. stand by the managers to see all the problems facing the hospital not tho their own problems. Get the managers out of the habit of blaming doctors or the hospital for problems that they could resolve themselves. Get them to take responsibility and begin acting as leaders.Get them to stop seeing themselves and their nurses as being victims of the arrogance of doctors, and to start seeing the doctors as important customers of the hospital. Support the light upon to a patient bear on and profit oriented culture. Help them to identify the most important issues that they as a leadership squad need to deal with. Help the managers to develop a common focus for the rising. One that not only solved their frustrations, but one that would limit them excited 2 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem.fil e///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud roughly their next in the hospital. Help the managers to identify the shopping center changes they would need to make to turn over the future they wanted. Help them identify projects that would help them to carry through those changes. To do all of this in a way that would build a leadership team. One in which team members take responsibility and animation one another. The constraints I needed to work within. The hospital could only afford the time for a one-day workshop. thither would be 32 people in the group.In this workshop, the process would be as important as the content. Therefore the way in which the group developed their own solutions, was as important as the solutions they developed. We needed a process that would encourage participation, buy-in, ownership, build the managers confidence and energize them. The tools I decided to use in the one day workshop. 1. The main tool I used was The Change Pu zzle Kit I had one kit for each group of 8 delegates. individually kit consists of Two laminated graphs. (A1 size). The first graph is called The Organisation Of instantly.The second chart is called The perfect Organisation Of The Future. The design on each chart is of the organization as a puzzle comprising 20 organizational development pieces. The organizational development tool I chose for this complex OD intervention was The Change Puzzle Kit. A set of water soluble pens which allows the delegates to redeem directly onto the laminated charts. The charts can be wiped clean and used again. A box of clue card game to help the groups think about the 20 organizational elements from an Organizational Development and systems thinking perspective, as they complete their charts.2. The secondary coil tool I used was a single application from The Powerful Facilitation cards. These workshop activity cards are designed like recipes. They provide detailed workshop activities to achieve specific workshop goals. I chose a card that helped a group to create a vision in a way that created summercater and plus energy. The workshop design. I chose The Change Puzzle Kit because it allows a group to do the complex systems thinking they needed to do to solve their own problems, in a very matter-of-fact and very participative way. This is the process I followed.To ensure that everyone could participate, I divided the larger group into 3 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud 4 groups of 8 delegates per group. These groups were mixed to provide as much variety as possible. We mixed the groups so we had different functions (HR, marketing, administration nursing), and people of different ages and races working(a) together in each group. Each group had their own change puzzle kit to work with.I used this diagram to explain the process we would be following which was We would take a systems thinking photograph of the hospital as it was today with all its frustrations and all its strengths. To do this we would use The Organisation of Today charts and cards. We would do a right brained exercise to look at what the hospital would be like 3 years into the future, if it was delighting its patients, was profitable, and a place where the managers would be proud to work. We would translate that right brain vision of the future back into left brained, systems thinking.We would look at the elements that would need to be in place for that vision to work. To do this we would use The Ideal Organisation Of The Future charts and cards. We would then compare what came out of our two charts. From this, we would choose a few core changes. Changes that would help us to solve the most important of todays problems, and move us towards the future we wanted. We would then create some projects to make achieve these changes. How I used the change puzzle kit. am ount 1. Provide an overview of the change puzzle The attention span of most groups for listening to a presentation is little than half an hour.So, to keep the groups attention, I provided a very quick overview of the charts and clue cards they would be using. tread 2. The groups analyze their organization as it exists today using The Organisation of Today charts and cards. 2. 1 Instructions Each group was given the chart The Organisation Of Today plus the 20 clue cards about the current organization. They were also given a set of water soluble pens. They were asked to write on their chart how they saw their hospital today in terms of each puzzle piece or OD element. They could use the clue cards to help them.Each person was encouraged to write how he/she viewed the note independently of their group as the group didnt need to achieve a consensus. I also explained that some people see things in a positive light, others in a negative light and others choose to put down facts. All o f these views were equally valuable. 2. 2 Activity Each group spent about an hour recording their answers. Then instead of having formal feedback, each group obviously read what the other groups had written on 4 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem.file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud their charts. This was to keep a very tedious feedback process and potential conflict. 2. 3 What came out The three groups were surprise that they had correspondent responses. For example They felt their subroutines were not clear enough. They were too rank obsessed. They felt doctors had too much spatial relation and that they needed to be empowered more. There was too much gossip. People operated in cliques. No one was taking responsibility. They felt they needed to acknowledge one another more.They wanted to create a culture where people dont feel intimidated when someone shares skills. But most of all, they were sur prised by how much negativity came out. Surely there are some good things too? One person asked. 2. 4 wherefore this happened Their common responses were due to two design factors the alloy of the groups, and the systems thinking behind the design of the chart they used. disallow responses are common amongst groups when they analyze their current situation. Groups are more positive when they create their own future. tonus 3. Groups develop a vision of the future.I used a creative activity from the Create fun and energy section of the Powerful Facilitation cards. I needed to turn around the groups energy from negative and powerless, to positive and creative. I also needed the groups to develop a vision of their future, which was far more creative than simply that of solving their frustrations of today. As they developed their right brain picture of the future hospital, the groups became energized. Alive. Full of fun. They began laughing. They worked well as a team. They started coming up with brilliant ideas of how they could add value to the doctors, and earn their respect.They created slogans for themselves showing how they would care for their patients, their doctors and one another. This was the turning point of the workshop. Step 4. Groups complete The Ideal Organisation of the Future charts. 4. 1 Instructions and activity I remixed the groups so that each of the four visions were now represented by members within each new group. I then asked the groups to complete the Ideal Organisation of the Future charts. In doing so, I asked them to think about what would need to be in place for them to be able to live their visions. I encouraged them to be creative.This is because I wanted them to come up with more than simply the opposite of the problems theyd identified in their The Organization Of Today charts. I wanted them to capture all the wonderful ideas theyd had in their right brain vision, onto the Ideal organisation of the future charts. I sugges ted they also look at the future clue cards to amaze even more creative ideas. 4. 2. What came out What came out of this activity were wonderful positive ideas that not only solved the problems theyd identified in their organization of today charts, but started achieving all the objectives Id hoped for when designing the workshop.For example, in localize to clarify roles, they though of having a monthly picture board, entitled meet the team. They decided to have a day where they would 5 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud change roles with one another. They decided to have a programme where as managers, they would go back to the floor for a day, to reform understand some of the issues that both nurses and doctors faced. They would visit the receptionists of doctors to find out all the doctors preferences.Then they would educate one another and their nurses on how to provide great service to each doctor. They decided that one thing that would lay out patient centered care, was to think of ways for caring for families of patients who came from out of town. They created slogans for themselves that demonstrated customer care. They decided to lead their teams by getting each unit to develop their own vision linked to the hospital vision. The team became quite excited about what was possible. 4. 3 Why this happened. The groups energy had already turned during the previous exercise. grammatical construction on this, we know that groups are always more positive when they are allowed to be creative, and when they focus on the future. The Ideal Organisation of the Future charts are designed in a way that combines creative thinking and a future vision. Also, by analyzing all the OD elements that would be in place to support their vision, the group could see that achieving their vision was possible and practical. This made them feel hopeful about their fu ture. Step 5. The groups choose core changes. The group was blown away by all their wonderful ideas. But there were too many to implement all at once.They needed to apply the 80/20 principle. Once again I remixed the groups. I asked them to choose 2 changes that would Solve the biggest problems identified in The Organization of Today charts Help them move towards their most exciting ideas in The Ideal Organization Of The Future charts. I asked them to record these changes in a From and To table. The From would be drawn from The Organization Of Today charts. The To would come from The Ideal Organization Of The Future charts. The four groups were surprised that they all came out with the same core changes.This happened because of the design of The Change Puzzle Kits which gets everyone to use systems thinking, and because we kept mixing the groups. They immediately started volunteering for projects around the core changes. The end result I then got the groups to list what theyd achie ved as a leadership team during the day, and what they wanted to do afterward the workshop. What came out was how amazed they were at what theyd been able to achieve in one day. They left the session excited and motivated. You may also like Case studies A strategy implementation case study This describes a two-day workshop.6 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud to help an executive and management team to develop a comprehensive intend to implement their strategy. Member tools Poor morale in the workplace a diagnostic tool found on a complex decision tree, this powerful coaching tool provides a quick way to diagnose your fact morale problem. It provides over forty possible solutions and helps you choose the best solution for your particular problem.How to rebuild morale after an organizational restructure. 4 OD interventions to rebuild trust, focus, morale and commit ment after an organizational restructure. A CEOs guide to implementing strategy What to do after youve developed a strategic plan. How to use your vision to lead an executive team. The 12 steps for aligning your organization to your strategy and getting them to implement it. Develop an innovation system that results in a cultural change. How to develop an innovation culture in your organization. ArticlesTeam leader skills Managing Morale Managing morale is a key leadership skill because it determines whether or not a team has the energy, confidence and commitment to perform at their best. Inspiration at work How to invigorate and motivate your team at work. Practical EQ and SQ tips for leaders. Restructuring Organizations Leadership problems after an organizational restructure. Typical problems go through by leaders after a restructuring exercise. The role of a change agent during an organizational restructure. The role a change agent can play during a restructure. When to do str ategic be after.Strategic planning as an OD intervention. Participative tools to use in OD interventions The Change Puzzle KitA powerful tool for any OD intervention that requires group participation, systems thinking or a diagnosis of a problem. Powerful Facilitation CardsA set of OD activities to choose from to use in your OD intervention workshop. Winning the Game of Change A powerful planning tool for developing an OD strategy for your organization, or for helping your executive team to plan to implement their strategy. Contains 20 cards covering the major OD interventions. 7 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM.

Evaluate Research on Conformity Making Reference to 2 Studies Essay Example for Free

Evaluate Research on union Making Reference to 2 Studies EssayConformity is the tendency to adjust matchless(prenominal)s thoughts, feelings or behaviour in ways that argon in agreement with those of a particular individual or aggroup, or with accepted standards about how a person should behave in specific situations ( brotherly norms). It is in addition the observe ways that a society or culture passes d throw its values or behaviours to its peers through an confirmative form of social influence.Deusch and Gerald (1995) first presented that the reasons of populate line uping is due to two factors that are information social influence and normative social influences. Information social influence is based on the ways people cognitively process information about specific situations. Normative social influence is based on our nature as social animals, and our need to be accepted and to belong in society. Individuals often conform to avoid rejection and gain social approval within society.Festinger (1954) also agreed that people evaluate their own opinions and judgement through social comparisons, which is when the individual compares themselves to the peers around them When iodin realizes that others are not behaving in the equal way, or think differently, it leads to anxiety, which is known as cognitive dissonance. In order to examen for conformity, Asch carried a test where the subject was given a simple task of matching a length of line to one of three other comparison lines.The control subjects (who were able to take the test alone without any confederates) that served as the comparison to the variable (the individual who was tested for conformity) made nearly no errors. In the experimental condition, one individual was tested but were surrounded by seven other confederates of the experimenter, who were told to give wrong estimates almost 70% of the trials. The subject was also second to last big(a) their answers, so that they were faced eith er giving their own opinion or conforming to the group.The average rate of conformity was 32%. 74% conformed at least once and 26% never conformed. In order to identity factors influencing conformity, Asch conducted sportsmans to his experiment. Asch found out that with solitary(prenominal) one confederate, only 3% of the participant conformed, and with two confederates the rate rise to 14% and with three confederates, it rose to 32%. Larger groups did not increase the rate of conformity. Unanimity was an another factor, where conformity was more salient when all the confederates agreed.If one of the confederates disagreed, the participant was less in all probability to conform. The difficulty of the task also increased conformity. besides when the participant was given the choice to write down their response, conformity decreased. Confidence and self-esteem was another operative role in influencing the participants, as people with high confidence strongly believed in their o pinion, and were less likely to conform. However, even the participants that did not conform still felt strong social pressure.Although these results were quite reliable to a certain extent, there were multiple criticism towards the experiment. The experiment was considered artificial with low ecological validity. There were also demanding characteristics, where the participant may have changed their behaviour in order to please researchers. Also there was a lack in cultural diversity as the experiment may only represent the US in 1940-1950s. Because the individuals were placed in deception and anxiety, it also resulted in ethic concerns.Also, there were ethic concerns as the individuals were placed in deception and anxiety. Berry (1967) suggested that conformity is required by their respective survival level economics. Low food receiving societies tend to produce self-reliant independent individuals, while high food producing societies are group reliant and dependent. He also prove d his theory by using a variation of Aschs experiment through using samples of the Temne Sierra Leone and the Inuit people of Canada.Hunting and fishing in Eskimos display great tolerance in disciplining children, therefrom resulting in independent and risk taking individuals. Rich demesne Temne people apply strict disciplinary measures, resulting in more dependent and group reliant individuals. and so the experiment resulted that the Temne people of Sierra Leone conformed significantly more than the Inuit people of Canada, probably because of the economic differences.The Temne people unremarkably had to survive on a single crop that is harvested by all the people in the society, therefore requiring each others trust and coordination of effort. . The culture also mainly focuses on agreement and harmony. Consensus is less present in Inuit culture as their economy is based on continual hunting and collect on a relatively individual basis. However sometimes, there have been sever al examples of nonage commitment to a view not held by the majority throughout the 20th century.This includes womens rights to vote in civil rights movement, environmental movement etc. Also research proved that minority opinions are significant in a groups decision-making process. Groupthink happens when someone in a group suggest an idea, and everyone accepts the idea without considering other possible opinions It represents the group members having concordant opinions in an issue, resulting in not seek alternative or disagreeing opinions, often because optimism prevents their decisions from becoming successful.

Validating Hesss law Essay Example for Free

Validating Hesss equity EssayIs the enthalpy compound for a minded(p) chemical form the same whether the answer takes come to the fore in a iodin stage or via several stages, provided the initial and final conditions are the same.IntroductionHesss lawfulness (1840) states that for a habituated chemical castrate the enthalpy variety show is the same whether the reaction takes place in a whiz stage or via several stages, provided the initial and final conditions are the same.We will test the validity of this law using the reaction between sodium hydrated oxide and hydrochloric acid. The reaction between solid sodium hydrated oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid can be carried tabu in two ways.Method 1 NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) ?H?1Method 2 NaOH(s) NaOH(aq) ?H?2then NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) ?H?3According to Hesss Law ?H?1 = ?H?2 + ?H?3In calculating the enthalpy of reaction values in each of the above and following cases, it is assumed thata. The d ensity of the dissolvents is 1 gcm-3b. The detail catch fire capacity of the solutions is 4.2Jg-1K-1c. The unique(predicate) high temperature capacity of the polystyrene cupfulful is negligible and may be ignored.Apparatus* Polystyrene cup* Thermometer* HCl* NaOH pellets* H2O* Digital weight reader* Measuring cylinderMethod bill of ?H?1Pour 50cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid into the polystyrene cup and record its temperature as high-fidelityly as you possibly can. Weigh out 2g of sodium hydroxide pellets and quickly add these to the acid in your polystyrene cup. Stir and record the maximum temperature reached. count on the enthalpy change of this reaction in kJmol-1.Measurement of ?H?2Pour 50cm3 of water into an acquit polystyrene cup and record its temperature as accurately as you possibly can. Weigh out 2g of sodium hydroxide pellets and quickly add these to the water in your polystyrene cup. Stir and record the maximum temperature reached. Calculate the enthalpy change of t his process in kJmol-1.Measurement of ?H?3Pour 50cm3 of 1M sodium hydroxide into an empty polystyrene cup and record its temperature as accurately as you possibly can. Measure out 50cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid into a measuring rod cylinder and record its temperature. Calculate the average initial temperature of the acid and the alkali. Add the acid to the alkali in your polystyrene cup and record the maximum temperature reached. Calculate the enthalpy change of this reaction inkJmol-1.Data CollectionMeasurement of ?H?1Measurement of ?H?2Measurement of ?H?3Initial Temperature/C ? 0.1CThe enthalpy change ?H?1 is given by multiplying the aggregative of HCl (m) by its specific heat capacity (Cp) and the change in temperature (?T). Since this reaction takes place in solution, which we assume to be mostly water. Hence the mass of the solution will be 50g and the specific heat capacity is given as 4.2J/g/C. The calculation for the mass of the solution is as follows% Error in ?T =The ent halpy change ?H?2 is given by multiplying the mass of NaOH (m) by its specific heat capacity (Cp) and the change in temperature (?T). Since this reaction takes place in solution, which we assume to be mostly water. Hence the mass of the solution will be 50g and the specific heat capacity is given as 4.2J/g/C. The calculation for the mass of the solution is as follows% Error in ?T =The enthalpy change ?H?3 is given by multiplying the mass of HCl (m) by its specific heat capacity (Cp) and the change in temperature (?T). Since this reaction takes place in solution, which we assume to be mostly water. Hence the mass of the solution will be 100g and the specific heat capacity is given as 4.2J/g/C. The calculation for the mass of the solution is as followsSo using the results found above we see thatIt can be seen that ?H?1 is almost equalise to ?H?2 + ?H?3 but due to experimental errors such as heat being lost to the surroundings and not having exact readings they are not equal. Hesss la w has therefore been pass but the results would have been much more accurate if there was an insulating capsule around the polystyrene cup so as to prevent any heat from being lost to the environment and by having more accurate apparatus in terms of measuring cylinders and thermometers.

Biodegradable Plastics Essay Example for Free

biodegradable Plastics EssayThe properties of plastics are determined by the polymers that constitute the unit. Based on this, plastics burn be circumscribed into biodegradable products by varying the constituents synthetic eachy. Their chemical structures vary due to the substituting polyesters in the polymer chain. Lets study about the chemical differences and structure of green plastics PHA and PLA. Amylose and Amylopectin are the major polymer components of starch. In the link structure, all identical chain points are connected to CH2OH group.The oxygen in the ring structure chain facilitates debasement when reacted with water. Any hybrid variety can be produced with two components renewable natural polymer (starch) and petroleum found synthetic polymer (PCL). Polylactide (PLA) is a bioplastic basically made from starch, the basic building material. Here lactic acid (CH3CHOHCOOH) is produced done fermentation where microorganisms convert sugar feedstock into lactic acid .The lactic acid thus isolated is depolymerized to lactide and by Ring-opening polymerization with catalysts it is converted into Polylactide polymer of high molecular weight. Based on the particle size, the rate of biodegradability and transparency varies. They find mathematical function in soluble fibers, compose bags and renewable products. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) polymers are produced naturally by microorganisms directly from sugar feedstock. The polymer is isolated, purified and processed. These components can be controlled by varying the ratio of sugar feedstock.Synthesized PHA is copolyester composed of 3-hydroxy fatty acids hydroxybuterate, hydroxyvalerate and hydroxyhexanoate. In all PHAs the hydroxyl radical substituted carbon atom is steriochemical -R configuration. Since they are composed of short chain and long chain length R groups, they are used for a variety of commercial applications. References Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007, Pp 1437-1449 Stevens, E. S . , Green Plastics An introduction to the young Science of Biodegradable Plastics, Princeton University Press, 2003

Friday Night Lights Movie Essay Example for Free

Friday Night Lights Movie EssayI strongly believe that it is important for parents to be involved in the extra-curricular activities of their children. This builds encouragement for the son/daughter, and makes them respect their parents fifty-fifty more. Yet at the same time there is a line that must not be crossed by the parent. Once you reach the point of getting physical and abusive, you know that the line has been crossed. on that point has to be some sort of understanding that your child is not going to be perfect at everything that he or she does. The important thing is the effort that they put into it, not the outcome of their performance. As a parent you must also realize that this is your childs life, not yours.Parents should try to understand that sponsor is a great way to build confidence. This is vital to building discipline and a stronger relationship mingled with parent and son/daughter. In the movie Billingsleys dad takes it to a whole different level. He want s everything Donnie does to be absolutely perfect, ultimately trying to live within his son. Donnies dad finds the need to humble and harass his own son in order to build some sort of toughness, and expects that this method leave make him play better. This is definitely not the way to solve the problems Don was having on the football field.I understand that his dad was a drunk with an attitude problem, but that certainly does not give him the upright to treat Billingsley that way. Just imagine the frustration and discouragement building inside of Donnie. Trying to have pleasure playing football must have been near to impossible for him. Donnie probably had a lot of negative emotions and tons of pressure while playing, worrying how his father would react to not living up to his expectations. any(prenominal) mishaps Donnie would have on the field should have been left for his coach to address, not his dad. His dad should have play his part as a loving parent and supported his so n, no matter the outcome.

Emotion and New York Essay Example for Free

Emotion and in the raw York EssayIn Proof, at that place is a contrast presented between the abstract and tangible aspects of liveness. Claires bread and butter revolves around everything that is practical while Catherine relies more on things that are theoretical. These choices cause problems in each sisters life in that they are both garbled from the real founding and neither can cerebrate to other people, including each other.Catherine focuses on the theoretical, letting her life revolve around things that are non tangible, things that other people can non necessarily see. Early on in the play, Catherine figures surface that the number of days she has wasted because of her depression is a mathematically significant number. Math is a very abstract science and this scene shows how mathematically minded Catherine is. It also shows how easily she is able to speak out abstractly. Her father helps her mathematically manipulate this number right before he admits that he i s, in fact, suddenly at the time of this conversation. Again, Catherine is relying on something intangible, the mental representation of Robert. While Robert was ill, Catherine stayed with him to take care of him emotionally. She did not typically wash dishes, clean the house, or pay bills, Catherine was taking care of her fathers emotional state. In her mind, she was making sealed he stayed well by having someone to rely on for the intangible aspects of life.Because Catherine lives in the abstract, she is unable to relate to people who live in the real world. Because of this and other reasons, she has no friends. She tells her father, in order for your friends to take you out you generally take hold to have friends. Most 25 year olds would go out with friends on their birthday the fact that she has no friends is odd and causes the audience to worry. In the end of Act 1 setting 1, Catherine calls the cops to pass off Hal from stealing one of her fathers notebooks even though, as she admits in the beginning of Scene 2, she didnt really want them to acquire. The cops come back the next morning and are not euphoric. This shows that she does not relate well with the practical world and its consequences.Un exchangeable her sister, Claire is overly practical, completely engrossed in material aspects of life. While Catherine is at home with their father,Robert, Claire moves to New York to continue her education, get her ingest place, and have a job. She pays all the bills from New York, but does not consider herself with other aspects of taking care of their father besides encouraging Catherine to put him in a full moon time care situation. Bills are very material and concrete, showing how much Claire relies on tangible aspects of life and how well she can deal with these things. When Claire is visiting Catherine for their fathers funeral, she tries to get Catherine to try a conditioner she likes. When Catherine asks Claire for some scientific facts rough ly the Jojoba in the conditioner, Claire replies, it makes my hair feel, look, and smell good. Thats the extent of my selective information about it. Claire doesnt know any scientific information about the Jojoba, only how it physically affects her hair.Claire values material objects over immaterial things like emotions, which makes it difficult for her to charge with people and deal with them appropriately. At the party after the funeral, Claire tries to out drink the theoretical physicists and fails miserably wake up with a horrible hangover. Claire does this because she believes, incorrectly, that she is better than the theoretical physicists based on their lack of grounding in the practical world. At the end of Act 1, Claire tells Catherine, its not your fault. Its my fault for letting you do it. This implies that Claire thinks she can accommodate Catherine. Claire believes she can control people like she can control things. Claire also decides she wants Catherine to move to New York so she can keep a better eye on her. She tells Catherine it would be much easier for me to get you preparedness up in an apartment in New York again showing how she wants to control Catherines life and does not show regard for Catherines emotions such as Catherines desire to stay in her home town and her gumption of belonging there.Due to Catherine and Claires different priorities, they do not relate to each other and have a disconnected relationship. This is established early on in the play when Catherine says to her father, she is not my friend, she is my sisterAnd I dont like her. It is clear from this statement that Catherine does not feel connected to Claire. At one point Claire goes so faraway as to accuse Catherine of being insane, claiming that Catherine has made upHarold Dobbs. She later meets Hal and does not even apologize to her sister. Sadly, this is not the only thing Claire does to show complete disregard for her sisters feelings. When Hal shows up in Act 1 Scene 2, Catherine makes a big scene and Claire completely ignores her.CATHERINE Okay? I really dont direct this, Claire. Im fine, you know, Im totally fine, and then you swoop in here with these questions, and argon you okay? and your soothing tone of voice and Oh, the poor policemen I think the police can divvy up themselves and bagels and bananas and jojoba and Come to New York and vegetarian chili. I mean it really pisses me off, so just save it.(Beat.)CLAIRE (smoothly to HAL) Im Claire. Catherines sister.Clearly Claire is ignoring Catherines emotions and chooses to not try to deal with her sisters fit. This is also an example of how Catherine inappropriately deals with her own emotions and her sisters attempts to help. Claire cannot be there for Catherine if she wont deal with any emotions and Catherine chooses not to react calmly to Claires assertions.Neither sister has found the best way to live their life, they need to find a happy medium between the practical and theo retical aspects of life so that they can function properly in the real world and relate to the people living in it.Works CitedProof by David auburn

Behavior Problem Essay Example for Free

demeanor Problem EssayThe management of disruptive sort problems is a familiar concern for many schools. Students port problems argon ch bothenging at all levels in school in recent years, demeanor difficulties in school have increased, teachers seem to be unprep atomic number 18d to deal with these problem. According to C. E. C. P (1998) Difficult school youngster mis demeanours, reported by teacher imply violation of somaroom rules, being truant from school, blaming others for problems, irresponsible sort, and destruction of property. p. 21) Given the seriousness of these behaviors, teacher are spending disproportionately more time on behavior problems that take away from instructions, compromising knowledge for both the student with the behavior difficulties and rest of the classroom. on that pointfore, teachers need to formulate a plan to help students with their behavioural problems so that the learning and teaching process happens actively and smoothly. 2. 0 bea ring Problems 2. 1 definition of behavior, problem, and behavior problem. bearingBehavior defines as the manner in which one behaves / The carry outs or reactions of a person or animal in resolution to external or internal stimuli. One of these actions or reactions a endocrine . . . known to directly control sex-specific reproductive and parenting behaviors in a wide variety of vertebrates (Thomas Maugh II). (Cited from Ameri rat hereditary pattern Dictionary) Problem Problem defines as any question or matter involving doubt, un truety, or difficulty/ a question proposed for solution or discussion / difficult to train or guide. cited from dictionary. com) Behavior Problem So basically behavior problems have both of the elements of behavior and problem. Which defines as a n action or reaction of a person to external or internal stimuli which involves qoubt, uncertainty or difficulty. 2. 2 Types of behavioral problems. There are 11 most cat valium types of behavioral problem that a teacher qualification encounter in schools. (KidsBehavior (UK). mht). They are a)Aggressive Outburst b)Biting peers or objects c)Pulling peers hair d)Banging their head )Hitting their peers f)Pinching their peers g)Always being absent to class h)Using violence in classroom i)Lying/ blaming others j)Usage of vulgar/abusive words k)Stealing Not moreover behavior problems inconvenience the attention in a classroom but also behavior disorder. Behavior disorder is a much more severe problem than behavior problems. This is beca call behavior disorders are hardwired in the students system. There are many types of behavior disorders and among them are a) autism, b) post-traumatic stress disorder and many more.Unfortunately, a teacher would not be able to help these types of pincerren because this type of children needs special attention. Therefore, if a teacher recognizes any kind of behavioral disorder in a child, the teacher should inform to his/her parents as soon as possible. As concerning with behavioral problems, there are number of methods/strategies techniques available to cure them. Teachers should know these methods/strategies/techniques in order to help the students to resort their behavior problem and to help the school from facing displin problems.The term for this methods/strategies/techniques is Behavior Modification 3. 0 Overcoming Behavior Problems with Behavior Management and Behavior Modification 3. 1 Definition of Behavior Management and Behavior Modification. Behavior management skills are particularly of importance to teachers in the educational system. Behavior management is all of the actions and sensible inactions to enhance the probability people, individually and in collections, choose behaviors, which are personally fulfilling, productive, and socially acceptable.Behavior limiting is the use of empirically demonstrated behavior change techniques to improve behavior, such as altering an individuals behaviors and reactions to s timuli finished positive and prohibit reinforcement of adaptive behavior and/or the reduction of maladaptive behavior by dint of positive and nix punishment. 3. 2 Behavior Management 1) Behavior management is applied at the group level by a classroom teacher as a form of behavioral design to produce high rates of student work completion and minimize classroom disruption. ) Contemporary behavior modification approaches involve students more actively in planning and shaping their own behavior by means of participation in the negotiation of contracts with their teachers and through exposure to training designed to help them to monitor and esteem their behavior more actively, to learn techniques of self-control and problem solving, and to set goals and reinforce themselves for meeting these goals. (Brophy (1986)) )The most common practices of this behavior management rely on the use of applied behavior analysis linguistic rules such as positive reinforcement and mild punishmen ts 4) This principle follows the operant Conditioning system by B. F. Skinner, which is to describe the set up of the consequences of a particular behavior on the future occurrence of that behavior. There are four types of Operant Conditioning coercive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction. Both Positive and Negative Reinforcement establish behavior magical spell both Punishment and Extinction weakens behavior. ) Examples of situation whereby the teacher uses the two main types of operant conditioning. 3. 2. 1 Positive Reinforcement Definition Is an attempt to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future, an operant response is followed by the presentation of an appetitive stimulus. Example of situation in a classroom on how to use positive reinforcement. A teacher who uses positive reinforcement will constantly and consistently praised the students, ignored handsome infractions and was encouraging no matter what answer the students get.Once one student was totally off baffle with his answer and the teachers response was no, but you are thinking and that is what I enjoy seeing you think, listen to others and chastise again. Every minute or two the teacher was saying something positive. 3. 2. 2 Negative Reinforcement Definition Negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is reinforced by removal of a stimulus. The word negative does not mean unpleasant. It means a stimulus is removed or subtracted from the situation as a form of reinforcement Example of situation in a classroom on how to use negative reinforcement.Suppose your teacher said you could skip the final exam by studying an extra chapter and pickings a quiz on it. You might study an extra chapter (your studying behavior would be do more frequent) because of the promise of an unpleasant stimulus, being removed (no final exam) Another example If a student is trying to be the centre of the limelight by disrupting the classroom the teacher can use the escape strategy or punishment strategy as a negative reinforcement to the student. 3. 3 Behavior Modification The principles of using behavior modification are ) To develop a new behavior b) To strengthen a new behavior , c) To maintain an established behavior, d) To peak inappropriate behavior, and finally e) To modify activated behavior. (Adapted from Krumboltz, J. , Krumboltz, H. (1972). Changing childrens behavior. New York Prentice-Hall. ) There are 3 main principles to develop a new behavior which are i. Successive Approximation Principle ( To teach a child to act in a manner in which he has seldom or never before behaved, reward successive move to the inal behavior. ) ii. Continuous Reinforcement Principle (To develop a new behavior that the child has not antecedently exhibited, arrange for an immediate reward after each decry performed it incorrectly. iii. Discrimination Principle (To teach a child to act in a particular way under one set of spate but not in anoth er, help him to identify the cues that differentiate the circumstances and reward him only when his action is appropriate to the cue. ) B To strengthen a new behaviorThere are 2 main principle in strengthening a new behavior. i. Decreasing Reinforcement Principle (To encourage a child to continue performing an established behavior with few or no rewards, gradually bespeak a longer time period or more correct responses before a correct behavior is rewarded. ) ii. Variable Reinforcement Principle (To improve or increase a childs performance of a certain activity, provide the child with an intermittent reward. ) C To maintain an established behavior There is 1main principle in estbablishing a new behavior . Substitution Principle (To change reinforcers when a previously in force(p) reward is no longer controlling behavior, present it just before (or as soon as possible to) the time you present the new, hopefully more effective reward. ) D To stop inappropriate behavior There is 3 ma in principle to stop inappropriate behavior i. Satiation Principle (To stop a child from acting in a particular way, you may allow him to continue (or assert that he continue) performing the undesired act until he tires of it. ) ii.Extinction Principle (To stop a child from acting in a particular way, you may arrange conditions so that he receives no rewards quest the undesired act. ) iii. Punishment Principle (To stop a child from acting in a certain way, deliver an aversive stimuli immediately after the action occurs. Since punishment results in increased hostility and aggression, it should only be used infrequently and in conjunction with reinforcement. ) E To modify emotional behavior There is 2 main principle to modify emotional behavior ) Avoidance Principle ( To teach a child to avoid a certain type of situation, simultaneously present to the child the situation to be avoided (or some representation of it) and some aversive conditon (or its representation) ii) Fear Reducti on Principle (To help a child overcome his fear of a particular situation, gradually increase his exposure to the feared situation while he is otherwise comfortable, relaxed, secure or rewarded. ) CONCLUSION The effective use of behavioral and cognitive strategies in the classroom may appear daunting even to experienced teachers.However, changing your behavior and strategies is often the most economical and effective means of improving all types of classroom behaviors Through practice comes proficiency. The building block of emotions and behavior likely contains the largest and most diverse set of problems encountered in the classroom. By first understanding these problems and seeing the area through the eyes of your students, and, then developing and using a set of i strategies on a regular basis, problems of emotions and behavior can be effectively managed and changed in the classroom and also behavior problems can be mended.

Nick Carraway Essay Example for Free

dent Carraway EssayWhat kind of a person is Nick Carraway? How might Nicks narration color the way readers view other characters? Provide examples. Is Nick a accepted character? Provide examples from the novel to support your responses. Nick Carraway narrates The Great Gatsby. He values hunchledge and is very(prenominal) observant making him a good narrator. In The Great Gatsby, all the characters tend to like him and go for him with their secrets. In the beginning, Daisy talks to Nick in private and tells him of when she had her baby miss. She said, Im glad its a girl.And I hope shell be a fool-thats the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool (17). Daisy thinks that the best way to good get through life as a girl is to be stupid and pretty so she can marry a rich man and not have a worry in the world, which is what Daisy is doing. However, when tom turkey asks Nick if Daisy told him something, she lies and says they talked rough horses. She was o pen to Nick to tell him her thoughts, but wanted it to be a secret from Tom. Nick understands the eastern way of living with the partying, alcohol, and money.He shows the good sides of characters and the bad sides. He is a reliable character because although he adds in his biased opinions, he also tells the readers of the characters true personality and their actions. A. through and through Nick, how does Fitzgerald describe each of your characters? What is Fitzgerald saying about each of your characters? by means of Nick, Fitzgerald describes Tom Buchanan as a bad straw-haired man of thirty with a rather hard mouth and a supercilious manner (7). Through Fitzgeralds diction, you can tell that Tom is arrogant and aggressive.Physically, he is described as big with muscles, a cruel body (7). To add to his big, arrogant figure, his voice is a gruff husky tenor added to the burden of fractiousness he conveyed (7). He has a personality and look that strikes fear in people and he moves around with aggressiveness. Myers Wolfsheim is described as a small, falt-nosed Jew (69) with a large head. He is cautious and conservative by chance suspicious and paranoid because of the business he deals with. In The Great Gatsby, his nose is repeatedly addressed. B.Do your characters deviatedo they change or remain the same throughout chapters 1-5? If the character changes, how so? Do your characters uprise? Grow? Regress? Please explain Myers Wolfsheim does not change much in chapters 1-5. He is not mentioned very often. Tom Buchanan does change and show more of his personality to Nick from the beginning towards chapter 3. You are really allowed to see Tom when he takes Nick to meet his mistress, Myrtle. In the hotel room, he portrays his aggression when he create Myrtle in the face, causing her to bleed.His character does not mature, but however regresses from the first 5 chapters. In the beginning, he seems sophisticated when he was talking about books and long words. The n he regressed when he went to the flatbed building with Myrtle, Nick, and the rest of the party. He drank himself silly and cheated on his wife. C. What do these characters teach Nick about himself? What do these characters say about Nick? These characters teach Nick that he is different from the urban, fast-paced life of the East.Compared to Tom and Myers, Nick seems like a boring bond man coming fresh out of the wolfram into this new world of liquor, parties, and money. D. What do we learn about Gatsby through the characters? In chapter 4, Myers tells Nick about Gatsbys life. He tells him about Gatsbys time at Oxford and builds Gatsby up to be a really good, perfect man, the kind of man youd like to take home and introduce to your female parent and sister (72). You are unable to learn much about Gatsby through Tom. Tom doesnt know Gatsby that well and has never been to one of his parties until Nick takes them.

Rationalizing Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability Essay Example for Free

Rationalizing Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability Essaythither happens to be a two-fold task governing the existence of scotch development and environsal stability matter progress towards economy depends on natural resources, and natural resources needs replenishment to continue the cyclical room of economical development. In this manner, these two important national concerns continuously exist with a common overture of family relationship. Indeed, the economy depends on the environment and the stability of the environment likewise opts for support from the sectors enriching the economy.In issues occurring between economic development and environmental stability, there are claims that the arousal of the economy inhibits the constancy of the environment. The energy sector earlier is one of the fundamental avenues governing this relationship. An exemplification of such(prenominal) is the report of Woodwell and Ramakrishna (2004) entitled World Bank under mines efforts on global warming It states there that the World Bank favorably considered the continued support for the expansion of new-fangled sources of fogey fuels, one of the principal causes of climatic distraction.It came up with a decision that interests on recommending support to the slight develop countries which are good prospects that can sell oil or gas or coal to the valet markets. Furthermore, the alleged deed brings back into the limelight the ongoing inconsistency between the voices of the scientific community that provokes on the worlds state, and the ears of what the economic and political communities bear. In fact, the environment is being changed in conduct that annihilates its life-supporting capacity. Instead, it seeks for neighboring(a) efficient steps to stop the erosion.Such report only signifies how the trend of coming up with viable sources of oil, gas or coal can be much of a danger to the environment, to the inhabitants surrounding the thinkable r esources, and to the planet earth as well. orbicular warming for the past decades continuously alarms the people of its degrading execution on the environment. Drastically, different industries governing the economy surely have directly or indirectly implied to such dilemma. In lieu with this, the question is back to basic What does the environment do to the economy? Indeed, there is a need to treasure the economic value of the environment through its fundamental means, ways, and processes. Taking a go through with CIDAs Policy for Environmental Sustainability, an oblige called Assessing the Economic Value of the Environment states that taking into consideration the economic values implied to all environmental values, which may be of cultural, aesthetic, or spiritual, is not possible. Moreover, programmers are in regular need to assess the environments value to know its value in economic terms, and to assess the economys value to identify its value in making of environment d ecisions.In line of credit with the macro and micro level, there is a need to emphasize the pros and cons of doing economical activities that may affect that of the environment. Furthermore, the article The Complicated Interrelationships of Poverty, Population and Natural Resources from the same policy states the sophisticated interrelated web of cause and effect relationships among poverty, population growth, degradation of natural resources and natural resource consumption (11). Three factors such as population, environment and poverty are commonly indivisible.In this manner, such dilemma is perceived in most of the less developed and highly populated countries. Most of the highly populated countries accumulate much of its resources creating a chance event on its natural resources yet may incur a probable high or broken in effect to its economy. Indeed, in terms of economic development and environmental sustainability, the whole process is inevitably diversified. With this, the relationship between the economy and the environment takes action upon the people and their surroundings.Works CitedWoodwell, George M. and Ramakrishna, Kilaparti. World Bank undermines efforts on Global Warming. The Boston Globe 11 August 2004. Assessing the Economic Value of the Environment. January 1992. Canadian International Development Agency. 13 April 2007 http//www. acdi-cida. gc. ca/inet/images. nsf /vLUImages/Policy2/$file/ENV-E. pdf The Complicated Interrelationships of Poverty, Population and Natural Resources. January 1992. Canadian International Development Agency. 13 April 2007 http//www. acdi- cida. gc. ca/inet/images. nsf /vLUImages/Policy2/$file/ENV-E. pdf

Countries seeking to be admitted to the EU community Essay Example for Free

Countries seeking to be admitted to the EU community EssayThe countries the substantiate been recognized as admission candidates include Croatia, Macedonia and dud. They have all utilize for the entryway and their applications have been principally accepted. All these countries have already started or will in receivable course begin the process of accession by adopting the European Union law which will engender to the equal level as other member states. Macedonia and Croatia applied for EU membership recently, these two states originated from the creator Republic of Yugoslavia.On the other hand, misfire has been a candidate for accession for several geezerhood it formally applied for the accession in the year 1987 and only became a candidate in 1999. the delay have been caused by the complicated nature of making joker at par with the standards of EU and also as a result of the semipolitical concerns that surrounds dud thus making the conclusion of its accession dif ficult. However, none of these countries is withal to gain membership as they atomic number 18 all in the process of the negotiations (Mauro, 2006).Croatia applied to be a member of EU membership in 2003 the commission of the union has already recommended it and is thus Croatia is now officially a candidate. The status Croatia as an accession candidate was granted by the council of the union in 2004. The earlier negotiations were set to kick off in early 2005 but were delayed until late in the same year. After the negotiations finally started in October, the screening process of thirty three aquis chapters with the state was eventually consummate in October of the following year (Mauro, 2006).After the state of Croatia has fully recovered from its breakup from the Yugoslavia, it has very richly hopes of becoming a second state of the Yugoslavia to be accepted as a member to of the EU community. The market economy of the state of Croatia is stable it in fact, has far m each super ior statistical indicators as compared to Romania and Bulgaria which joined the EU in 2007. Close to the end of 2005 the officials of EU predicted that Croatia accession is expected to occur as early as 2010 but can delay up to 2012.The conclusion of all the aquis communautaire chapters is likely to load down place in 2009 sequence the accession treaty is likely to be signed in 2010. before negations with the state of Croatia started, the aquis was split into thirty five chapters which were four more than the usual number of thirty one. The chapters which were saucily were formerly included in the policy of agriculture, which is an area that is expected to be quite troublesome as it was the case with other such applicants (Mauro, 2006).Macedonia just like Croatia originated from Yugoslavia the state of Macedonia applied for EU membership in 2004. In the following year the commission of the EU recommended Macedonia to the council for it to become a candidate of accession. The lea ders of the European Union accepted the commissions recommendation which finally made the state of Macedonia to become an accession candidate officially. However, there has been no date which has been mentioned to start off the negotiation process. Peace in the pastoral is observed although there are ethnic tensions which are still underlying in the inelegant.The ethnic tensions in Macedonia are as a result of the Albanians, who after the Ohrid Accords were implemented became more autonomous. But despite the political challenges facing the state, the council of the European Union congratulated and welcomed the achievements so far attained by the state in implementing a number of agreements and reforms. As a result the European Union recognizes the nation as a res publica that broke away from Yugoslavia, and in fact, this is the major denotation by which EU may hold any fruitful negotiations with the estate.This issues resolution, in fact, became an accession precondition for Mac edonia. However, it might take more eon before Macedonia is accepted by EU since the state has numerous problems in achieving the standards required by EU such as sound economy and respect for the rule of law. There are also incidences of irregularities and hysteria especially in the recent parliamentary elections which were held in 2008, this particular event cast a quite a little of doubts on Macedonians candidacy (Roney, Budd, 1998).In the recent past, the status of washout in respect to joining the European Union has become an issue of chief significance and substantial controversy. Turkey is among the founding states of the Europe Council and the country has since 1964 been an associate member of EU. Turkey applied for EU full membership in 1987 and it took twelve years for the EU commission to recognize the candidacy of Turkey, it was recognized as a candidate in 1999 during the capital of Finland Summit.After the 2004 summit which was held at Brussels the council of EU f ormally announced that the negotiations for membership with the country of Turkey were to be opened in 2005. The process of screening started in the same year and was completed in the following year (Arikan, 2003). The country of Turkey is recognized as a developed nation, its economy is the seventh largest among the members of the Europe Council, while in the world, the economy of Turkey is ranked at position fifteen.This has made the Turkeys proponents for EU membership to argue that the country is a chief economic power in the parting which also supported by the fact that it has the 2nd largest force of military in NATO. These are very important factors in enhancing the position of EU as a geo strategic global player, considering the geographical location of Turkey, its political stability, economic power together with its cultural and historic connection in the region which is endowed with a brood of natural resources its accession can be of much significance to the wide-cut EU community.The proponents of Turkey also argue that the country abides to nearly all the conditions set by the EU for accession, they in fact, hold a firm position that it is unfair for EU to continue refusing the accession of Turkey arguing that its candidacy has been open for more than four decades. Turkey has also made a lot of reforms in respect for the rule of law and respect for the human rights, in order to satisfy the accession conditions (Arikan, 2003).However, there are countries such as Germany and France that are still opposed to the accession of Turkey. They argue that Turkey fails to respect the main principles expected in any democracy that is liberal such as structure freedom. In addition, Turkey laws which are potentially repressive such as Article three deoxycytidine monophosphate and one. Both France and Germany further argue that the Turkish army plays a major role in the countrys administrative foreground.Another major issue about Turkeys accession into EU is due to the fact that it still occupies the Cyprus Island, which since 2004 became a member of the EU. Turkey has more than forty thousand legions in the island since 1974 and continues to be acquainted with the fact that Cyprus has authority over the island. It is not clear when the accession of Turkey will take place since some members are opposed to the countrys accession while others are of the idea (Arikan, 2003).

Case study: Eating Disorder

Case study Eating DisorderPsychopathology refers to nonadaptive behavior/s that causes trauma to an individual and is brought about by a psychological disease (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004). A number of federal agents contribute to the development of psychopathology collectively referred to as the vulnerability-stress model (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004). This model breaks the stressors down into triple categories biological causes, social causes and psychological causes (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004). in that location argon four dominant psychological theories of psychopathology that govern treatment Psychodynamic Theories, Behavioral Theories, Cognitive Theories and Humanistic and Existential Theories (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2008).Eating disorders be classified as a habitus of psychopathology. Bulimia Nervosa, in particular, is an eating disorder char fermenterized by bingeing episodes followed by extreme actions that serve to make immediate weight loss, such as purging (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2008). Chassle r (1998) states that bulimic nervosa sufferers turn to food as a dash of eithitherviating their negative emotions. Food provides a form of distraction from their problems and comfort this bleeds to bingeing episodes (Chassler, 1998). The purging occurs as a way of ensuring that they do non gain weight after their bingeing episodes (Chassler, 1998).Individuals that suffer from binge-eating syndrome nervosa tend to check been highly preoccupied with their shape and weight prior to developing the disorder. (Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf Jantschek, 2007). Individuals developing this disorder tend to be highly dissatisfied with their bodies and many adolescent girls with low self-esteem tend to believe that all(a) of their failures bag from the way that they look (Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf Jantschek, 2007). These bulimic individuals follow cultural and societal norms that promise greater self-esteem to those who argon slimmer (Benninghove n, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf Jantschek, 2007). Interestingly, Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf and Jantschek (2007) discovered that bulimic women evaluated their own bodies in a skewed manner however, they found no such disturbances in their cognition related to disaccordent womens bodies or to what they assumed men might find attractive. It is in like manner believed that those suffering from binge-eating syndrome nervosa are mainly motivated by the desire to fulfill the expectations that men sport about womens bodies (Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf Jantschek, 2007).Lacey and Evans (as cited in Anestis et al., 2009) were the first researchers to divide bulimic nervosa patients into two distinct subgroups multi-impulsive versus uni-impulsive. The multi-impulsive subgroup exhibits impulsive behaviors that include not only binging and purging but in like manner one of the following behaviors content sophisticate, stealing, sexual promi scuity or self-injury. However, Harnden-Fischer and Westen (2001) earn found that separating bulimics into subgroups runs the risk of confining a range of complicated personality factors into a superstar category. These factors verifym to be, characterized by emotional dysregulation, intense and labile affect, interpersonal desperation and impulsive efforts to escape distress and seek gratification. (Harnden-Fischer Westen, 2001, p. 558).Herzog, Keller, Sacks, Yeh, and Lavoril (as cited in Blinder, Cumella Sanathara, 2006) found that 60% of those individuals with bulimic nervosa, who participated in their study, also had a co unwhole or so axis I diagnosis. Blinder, Chaitin and Goldstein (as cited in Blinder, Cumella Sanathara, 2006) discovered that co morbidity with other Axis I disorders primarily resulted in a poorer prognosis for bulimic nervosa patients. Blinder, Cumella and Sanathara (2006) found that the disorders that are most co morbid with bulimia nervosa are mood disorders, substance smear (mostly alcohol evil) disorders and anxiety disorders. Bryant-Waugh and Lask (as cited in Blinder, Cumella Sanathara, 2006) set offed another factor that is melodic theme to contribute to a poor prognosis the development of bulimia nervosa at an early age.Another factor that is believed to contribute to the possible development of bulimia nervosa is that of family dynamics. Humphrey and Strober (1987) found that those individuals with parents who provoke a history of alcohol abuse and obesity, which are ill disposed towards said individual, show them no affection and give them minimal attention, are more likely to develop bulimia nervosa. Humphrey and Strober (1987) suggest that bulimic individuals did not learn good manage mechanisms because of cosmos overwhelmed by their family environment coupled with the pressure to be slim, leads to bingeing and purging behavior. The bingeing episodes whitethorn also act as a substitute for the nurturance th at they never had (Humphrey and Strober, 1987). Arikian et al. (2008) also found that a family history of the father abusing alcohol, and the fuck off suffering from severe impression, resulted in a poorer prognosis for the bulimic individual.This essay will focus on a particular subject, namely, mollie. The article will investigate mollies showcase and proffer possible solutions.Biographical cultivationTHE CASE OF 5mollie is nineteen historic period old and a second year 3rd student. She arrived to the session wearing tight jeans and a white sweater with coffee stains on one of her sleeves. Her fuck off was out of place. Her hair was untidy and messy and her look were sunken with dark rings around them. There were no problems with her making eye contact although she displayed no emotions throughout the interview. She appeared to be very tired as evidenced by the repeated yawning and rubbing of her eyes. This led to the smudging of her mascara.mollies aunt was worried about her and insisted that she see a psychologist at U.C.T.s Psychology Clinic. She was not doing her university work and was also having trouble sleeping. She had been caught bingeing and purging, which was a long-term problem, and was soon in a considerable amount of mental pain. She was also passing suicidal.History of the Presenting ProblemMolly was first exposed to trauma at a young age. Her parents were arguing loudly every night and Molly took it upon herself to relinquish them by banging with a toy on her door. This strategy worked for many years and led to Molly believing that she was the one who was accountable for keeping the peace between her parents. Molly was abashed to bring her primary school friends home as her father had an obvious alcohol dependency restitution and was obese. Humphrey and Strober (1987) state that family discord parental obesity and substance abuse are much seen to be some of the contributing factors to bulimia nervosa. During her primary scho ol years, her fathers extreme negative reaction to her bad report tease flying into a rage and forbidding her to have supper -left Molly feeling unloved, unwanted and rejected. Both her parents would often drink intemperately, until they passed out, and so were not there for Molly when she needed parental guidance and concomitant. Added to this was the comparison that was eer made between Molly and her younger brother, Luke. Luke was praised as much as Molly was berated leading to a deep-seated pain and a sense of never being good enough. This level of family neglect all contributed to Mollys eventual development of bulimia (Humphrey and Strober, 1987).Molly attempted suicide in an effort to punish her parents, and herself, for the way in which they treated her. This demonstrates a tendency to rush into behaviors that lessen the negative affect that Molly feels, and Anestis et al. (cited in Anestis et al., 2009) discovered this tendency to be a predictor of bulimia.Molly went to live with her bring after her parents divorced. Her mother suffered from first gear and this is seen to be a contributor to Mollys bulimia as Arikian, Keel, Miller, Thuras, Mitchell and Crow (2008) state that severe maternal depression could lead to a poorer prognosis.Molly gained weight at one time she entered puberty and this led to the other children twirp her, at school, about her weight. She blamed her weight as the main source of her torment a square predictor for bulimia (Benninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf Jantschek, 2007). Her friends were the ones who first exposed her to bulimic behavior. Even though she claims that many people worry in bulimic behavior, she nevertheless states the need to purge in secret.Molly lost weight repayable to the bingeing and purging and this behavior was reinforced by her friends telling her how good she looked and by boys starting to event an engagement in her. Molly started having sex with multiple partners, beginning at age 13. This behavior has continued into her university years. This notify be seen not only as an expression of impulsivity but also as a form of reassurance seeking, two behaviors often associated with bulimics (Anestis et al., 2009).DiagnosisThe DSM-IV basin be used to assist in diagnosing Molly. Axis I refer to clinical disorders Molly suffers from bulimia nervosa. This is her primary diagnosis. Co morbidly, she also suffers from substance abuse and depression. Axis II refers to either personality disorders or mental retardation. Molly does not appear to have any personality disorders, even though she does display some features of a borderline personality disorder. As it is stated in Nolen-Hoeksema (2004), her impulsive behaviors, like sexual promiscuity and alcohol abuse, are all symptoms of bare(a) Personality Disorder. However, she is not subject to the continuous vacillation between the extremes of only idealizing or only contemn individuals, as described by Nolen-Hoe ksema (2004). Nolen-Hoeksema (2004) states that a Borderline Personality Disorder is characterized by angry outbursts, due to an unstable mood, and alternates between feelings of low self-worth and feelings of grandiosity. However, in Mollys case, her angry outbursts are brought about due to a need of sleep and not due to unstable mood, though she does suffer from that with respect to depression it seems that she always feels herself to be of low self-worth. Axis III refers to familiar medical conditions. Molly does not have any general medical conditions.Axis IV refers to psychosocial and environmental problems. Molly comes from a broken home and has poor relationships with both(prenominal) her parents. They have neglected her, been hostile and highly critical of her, since her days in primary school. Therefore, Mollys social deem comes from, mainly, her aunt who suggested that she visit a psychologist. Molly had weight problems at school that led to her being taunted and extre mely unhappy. Her friends at the time, in high school, introduced her to bingeing and purging behavior. Molly began to get attention from boys and reacted to this by being sexually active from a young age. This behavior continued into her university years. Molly is not doing her university work and says that she needed to take some time off from university. She is under added pressure as her primary caregivers were arguing over how Mollys tierce year at university was to be financed. Her bingeing and purging episodes escalated dramatically following her visit to her parents and stepparent. Axis V refers to the globose Assessment of Functioning. A score of 20 characterizes Molly. Her symptoms are very serious as they can lead to her death or, at the very least, multiple physical problems. She is high in suicidal ideation, and this should be taken seriously and not ignored, and cannot continue with her studies at the present time. Her interpersonal relationships with men are marked by risky sexual behavior and her relationship with her parents serves to exacerbate her bulimic symptoms. She also seems to have no friends.The primary diagnosis is one of bulimia nervosa. There are many factors that point to this diagnosis and that fulfill the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Molly binges on junk food, such as chips and ice cream throughout the day, which is followed by purging. She was also eating in secret thus pointing to a lack of control over her behavior. This behavior started when Molly was thirteen so it has definitely been going on at least twice a calendar week and for longer than three months. Molly was haunted by being overweight at school and attributed all of her problems to her weight, as evidenced by peoples praise of her thinness and by boys starting to take an interest in her. Thus, her preoccupation with her weight is significant.Molly also has two co morbid diagnoses depression and substance abuse. Her symptoms of depression include emotional symp toms such as waves of mental anguish which occurred more often, lasted longer, and grew in intensity and prostrate affect. Her physiological and behavioral symptoms of depression include serious sleep problems and feelings of fatigue as she yawned frequently and rubbed her eyes repeatedly. Her cognitive symptoms of depression include suicidal thoughts and a sense of hopelessness and worthlessness she says, I thought to myself, nobody cares whether I live or die, so why bother with hospitals? She has major depression as her symptoms have lasted for around two weeks and they interfere with her functioning.Mollys second co morbid disorder is substance abuse. She drinks heavily on the weekends and often gets drunk. She continues to consume alcohol despite having periods where she blacks out and wakes up in bed with person she has no recollection of even meeting. This is said to have happened frequently. These are hazardous behaviors, as Molly could be assaulted by or contract a sexual disease from any one of these men.The differential diagnoses in this case are substance abuse and depression. Depression is a differential diagnosis as Molly meets the diagnostic criteria of depression but this was ruled out, as the primary diagnosis, despite Mollys initial suicide attempt, as Mollys depressive symptoms appeared after her bulimia nervosa developed and can be seen as one of the symptoms thereof. As Blinder, Cumella and Sanathara (2006) state, Perhaps extended illness and chronicity in EDs initiate adverse relational experiences, nutritional causality, and affective blunting that predispose longer-term ED patients to depressive symptoms. Molly also could have been given a primary diagnosis of substance abuse but, in one case again, this behavior occurred long after the bulimia nervosa began and could be seen to be another symptom thereof. As Hildebrandt and Sysko (2009) state, A significant percentage of treatment-seeking individuals with BN are also diagnosed with a co-morbid disorder, with approximately 20 to 80% classified with a lifetime major depressive disorder and Among individuals with eating disorders, patients with BN report a higher prevalence of alcohol or drug problems.Case FormulationThere are a number of psychological theories that underpin Mollys case but, perhaps, the most fitting theory is that of the psychoanalytic theory, a subset of psychodynamic theory (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2008). Freud developed psychoanalysis and this theory is for the most part based on the idea that all behavior al-Qaedas from unconscious processes. As stated in Nolen-Hoeksema (2004), Freud termed the phenomenon of when a persons defense mechanisms are no longer useful as they are harmful to that individual, the neurotic paradox. unmatchable could say that Molly suffers from the neurotic paradox she has unresolved, and angry, feelings towards her parents and sublimates these feelings by bingeing and purging. Nolen-Hoeksema (2004) mentions Freuds notion o f repression memories or feelings that an individual cannot or does not want to face and so, these memories or feelings, are banished from said individuals consciousness. One could also say that Mollys bingeing and purging stem from her repressing her angry feelings towards her father, turning them inwards and making use of maladaptive strategies to cope. Many of Mollys problems stem from her family education and the relationship that she has with her primary caregivers, her parents as will be demonstrated below.Sugarman and Kurash (as cited in Chassler, 1998) state that the bingeing episodes are a way of reconnecting to the mother and the purging occurs out of a fear of being swallowed-up by the mother. This theory points to Molly expressing her anger and disappointment at her mother for not being there to show her the love and support that she needed and so, in this way, Molly is trying to fulfill her need for maternal love in other ways. As Woodall (as cited in Chassler, 1998, p . 403) has pointed out, the bulimic nervosa sufferer uses food as a, reliable transitional object as a way to undo the mothers frightening unreliability.Bowlby (as cited in Chassler, 1998) first established the concept of holdfast a theorizing of the way in which humans are driven to form fasteners to certain others. A healthy and nurturing attachment to a primary caregiver leads to a well-adjusted child (Chassler, 1998). However, disturbances in this attachment lead to all kinds of psychological problems developing (Chassler, 1998). As a child, Molly was exposed to her parents hostile feelings towards one another evince in their fighting matches. This can be seen to be a disruption in the positive attachment that should have developed between Molly and her parents (Chassler, 1998). Twice in her life, she felt as though she were responsible for her parents behaviors (1) as a child when she would knock on the door in an attempt to get her parents to stop fighting and (2) when livi ng with her depressed mother, now divorced, and feeling responsible for her mothers emotional wellbeing. As Humphrey (as cited in Chassler, 1998, p. 406) states families of bulimic nervosa sufferers tend to be, higher in conflict, chaos, detachment, neglect, dependency and contradictory communications than normal families. Igoin-Apfelbaum (as cited in Chassler, 1998) found that there are a higher percentage of broken homes among his bulimic nervosa participants than among his control participants.This hostile environment became unsufferable for Molly during her primary school years. Her fathers emotional abuse led to Molly feeling worthless and, perhaps, sightedness as he attacked her intellectual ability, she felt that she could succeed in another way by authoritative her weight and being attractive.Molly may have a genetic predisposition to developing depression as her mother suffers from depression (Blinder, Cumella Sanathara, 2006). Mollys parents both abused alcohol and he r father is described as being obese these are two factors that are linked to the development of bulimia (Humphrey Strober, 1987). Being in school contact with her fathers obesity may have contributed to Mollys obsession with being thin. Lilenfeld et al. (as cited in Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009) found that individuals with bulimia nervosa with a co morbid disorder of substance abuse mostly have relatives who themselves have a substance abuse problem.TreatmentKeel et al.(as cited in Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009) posits that alcohol abuse and eating disorders stem from different etiologies that in return bear influence upon one another. O Malley et al. (as cited in Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009) found, in his study, that successfully treating the substance abuse disorder did not completely eradicate the bulimic syndrome Therefore, Molly, who has co morbid alcohol abuse and bulimia nervosa, may require an integrated cognitive behavioral therapy treatment that addresses both disorders (Hildebran dt Sysko, 2009).There are specific modules that Hildebrandt and Sysko (2009) highlight as being the most significant targets that their integrated cognitive behavioral therapy should attempt to heal. Addressing motivation to reassign is key as adherence to recovery is necessary, in order to prevent relapse (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). Addressing interpersonal relationships, making use of techniques gleaned from psychotherapy, is crucial as interpersonal conflict often serves to exacerbate the bulimic and substance abuse behavior (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). Addressing reward sensitivity can be done in the form of cue exposure, which has been shown to be successful for both substance abuse and bulimic behavior (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). However, cue exposure may not be appropriate for outpatient therapy as it could lead to alcohol consumption after the session (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). Addressing impulsive behaviors is a necessary part of the treatment and dialectical behavior the rapy has been found to be effective in treating the bulimia nervosa sufferers impulsive behaviors (Hildebrandt Sysko, 2009). For as Hildebrandt and Sysko (2009, p. 95) have stated, The DBT model for BN conceptualizes binge eating and purging as a bureau of controlling emotions, and emotion dysregulation is therefore considered to be primary problem with ongoing bulimic behaviors.Conclusion sex activity BiasBenninghoven, Raykowski, Solzbacher, Kunzendorf and Jantschek (2007) found bulimic women, whose perceptions of the body shape and size of women that men find attractive, did not differ significantly from that of men. However, they also state that cultural norms indicate that adolescent girls hope to attain self-confidence by achieving a level of thinness. Therefore, women feel that they have to attain a particular level of thinness in order to be desired by the opposite sex. This places women under tremendous pressure. The media contributes to this pressure by displaying images of women who have attained this ideal thereby intimating that it is within every womans power to achieve similar results. Men are under more pressure to be successful in monetary terms as this can snare a mate, whereas women are under more pressure to be physically appealing in order to attract men. This is evident in Mollys case as she states that boys began being interested in her once she had lost her weight. Therefore, it is apparent that bulimia nervosa would have a greater propensity in women than it would in men.