Prisoners Of War In Japan Ww2 History Essay

Pris cardinalrs Of War In Japan Ww2 History EssayThe Nipponese attack against the United States in Pearl Harbor happened so right away that most Americans were captured in the opening weeks of World War II. The Nipponese captured a total of 140,000 American soldiers and held them in Nipponese camps from 1942-1945. These prisoners were thornyened cruelly and inhumanely by their captors. In fact, more prisoners died in Nipponese camps than did in German state of war camps. To pr make upt enemy soldiers from returning to their troops, the Japanese held prisoners of war in horrible camps throughout Japan, forced them to work in horrendous conditions, and treated them inhumanely.The vivacious conditions the prisoners had to endure on the way to the camps was truly awful. When transported, the workforce were crammed into white-haired old freighters and spent several nights in these hell ships (The POW Camps). The workforce on the ships had no room to move, were ill with dysent ery and had very little nourishment. sometimes they were transported from one hell ship to another on their journeys to work camps. The camps were ring by barbed wire and closely guard dutyed by Japanese soldiers (Wukovits 37). Prisoners of war slept in crowed barracks on mats (World War deuce Japanese) and slept eight to bakers dozen prisoners to a room (Wukovits 37). Because the living conditions were so bad, the health conditions in the camps were withal horrendous. In 1942, the Japanese decided that to each one prisoner would get fifteen ounces of rice or barley, a fewer vegetables and sometimes a few bits of meat each day (Wukovits 39). They suffered from starvation, malnutrition, ulcers and cholera (World War Two Japanese). 1-in-3 prisoners died from starvation, work, or diseases (World War Two Japanese). More prisoners died from disease and illness than from torture. The Japanese took no pity on the sick. If they were incapable of doing their assigned task because of their illness, they were made to do other jobs and their al diffusement of food was cut in half. umteen men died because they were starved to death. One structure in each camp was cognize as the Zero Ward, because men who entered the ward with illness did not date it alive (Wukovits 63).The prisoners of war were treated as slaves by the Japanese. In whitethorn 1942, the Japanese Prime Minister announced a no work- no food policy (Wukovits 39). They were forced to work in mines, fields, shipyards and factories (World War Two Japanese). Prisoners had to build bridges, dig ditches, garden and raise chickens. One of the most storied work assignments was the Burma-Thailand Railroad. Prisoners of war were forced to work side-by-side with Asian laborers to build the 260 myocardial infarction railroad by hand. They worked from dawn until dusk moving earth and edifice bridges for 10 days straight (World War Two Japanese). They worked 16- minute of arc days in 50-man teams cutting d own trees, twist roads and place ties for the railroad (The POW Camps). Prisoners did not remain in the same areas for long. They were shipped mangle to various camps throughout Asia. A camp near Changi was the most disreputable POW camp where prisoners who did not work were not fed (Trueman). In the beginning, the prisoners of Changi were not asked to do much and had plenty of food. However, in Easter of 1942 the Japanese changed their minds and formed work parties providing the men with very little food (Trueman). M any of the prisoners jobs were in conflict with the rules established by the Geneva Convention, besides the Japanese did not care (La Forte, Marcello, and Himmel 115).The Japanese believed in Extreme Measures and treated the prisoners of war inhumanely. Japanese soldiers lived under the code of Bushido which involved complete obedience, bravery, honor and ultimate loyalty (Wukovits 14). The worst offense a Japanese soldier could hold was to surrender in battle. B y this action at law he shamed his action and village, and his name would be removed from the towns registry (Wukovits 14). Therefore, American soldiers who surrendered were considered to have shame their country and were treated with contempt. Prisoners who tried to escape were killed either in groups or individu eithery (Gevinson). The aim was to not allow a single escape, but to annihilate them all and not leave a single limn (Gevinson). One of the many difficulties the prisoners of war were faced with was the language barrier. The Japanese guards communicate very little English and prisoners were forced to learn Japanese to descend commands (World War Two Japanese). Those who did not follow commands were beat out (Gevinson). Annelex Hofstra Layson in her memoirs of invigoration in a World War II Japanese prison camp as a little girl said, The soldiers did a lot of arm waving and yelling When we couldnt understand what they wanted us to do, the guards became angry. Their seventh cranial nerve expressions would change, and they would start hitting and shoving people around. Even though no guard ever hurt me, I lived in constant fear that one would (41).Prisoners of war suffered horribly in Japanese camps during World War II. The living conditions were barbaric, because soldiers were forced to live in crowded barracks on mats. They suffered from starvation, diseases and malnutrition not that because of their living conditions, but because they were given very little to eat each day. Prisoners of war were forced to work side by side building a 260-mile railroad in 16 hour days doing hard labor with very little food (World War Two Japanese). hurt and sick prisoners were still made to work, but their food was restricted even more. The Japanese believed in a no work no food policy (Wukovits 39). The working conditions violated the laws of the Geneva Convention. Extreme measures were used by the Japanese with the prisoners of war, because they believe d the soldiers were dishonoring their country by surrendering or being captured. The aim of the Japanese was not to allow any prisoners to escape. Their main goal was to eliminate all prisoners and not leave any traces of their existence. The Japanese did not speak any English and the soldiers spoke no Japanese, therefore they had difficulty following the commands and were beaten because of this.In conclusion, during World War II Japanese prisoners of war were held in appalling conditions, forced to work as slaves, and were treated inhumanely to go on their return to their troops and to punish them for abandoning their country.Prisoners of War in Japan WW2

Economic Country Analysis For Poland Economics Essay

Economic Country Analysis For Poland Economics Essay1. launchingToday with a gross domestic product of 2,7% (2010 figure projected by European Commission) Poland is one of the fastest growing European economies. The country suffered relatively flyspeck from the recent financial crisis in the world markets receivable to a galactic internal expect for consumer goods from the growing middle class and low direct of dwelling house debt comp bed to its western peers. In addition thither has been almost no exposure to sub-prime mortgage product, the country did however suffer from lower demand for its exportation products. (European Commission, 2009)The pop state went through a major alteration since it abolished communism in 1989. It joined NATO in 1999, and the European Union in May 2004. With a race of 38.1 million it is the 6th most dwell country in the EU. Polands capital is Warsaw and it has a population of just about 2 million inhabitants. Poland has an bea of 312,678 sq km and is geographically located in the heart of Europe between Germany and Russia. Polands strategic geographic position has been a source of conflicts and for many centuries, before long its tempting foreign direct enthronization as it is the EUs gateway to the east. (GUS, 2010)Despite steady economic development Poland still has a largish development crack cocaine to close compared with countries such as Germany or Britain. Currently the GNI per capita is $11,880 (World Bank, 2008). It is expected to join the Euro zone in 2012-2014. Countrys main export products are foodstuffs, machinery, transportation equipment and chemicals. Polands semipolitical situation is stable with a complimentary pro re hammers administration in office. One last thing to nutrition in mind is that the Catholic Church plays an important role and despite the fact that it is formally separated from the state it does take a leak a large impact on the brotherly indemnity.The aim of this repor t is to look at Polands de diery from a broad international investors perspective and give some recomm exterminateations whether it is a good refinement for investment.2. Factual descriptionPolitical and social situationThe political stage in Poland has been shocked by the dissipate of the government plane in April 2010 where countrys residing president, Lech Kaczynski, and many prominent politicians have died. Despite the tremendous scale of the tragedy the markets have been mostly whole indicating investors confidence in the Polish economy. The political system trick be described as a mix of fantanary and presidential with a somewhat dominant position of the legislative branch. President Kaczynskis death oblige a upstart presidential election where Bronislaw Komorowski, previous speaker of the parliament and a prominent politician of Civic-Platform, came out victorious in the armed service round having defeated ex-Presidents twin brother and lead-iner of the parliamenta ry competition Jaroslaw Kaczynski.Mr Komorowski is closely connected with the center Civic Platform-led government which suggests that the Prime Minister, Donald Tusk, give be much capable of introducing new reforms. Because Poland has traditional had a largely fragmented multiparty system, the current government is a coalition between the in a higher place mentioned Civic Platform and PSL. The international investors should welcome recent changes in the political environment some(prenominal) the legislative and executive branch of the government are largely open to friendly political and economic relations with both the EU and its biggest neighbour Russia. Poland is the only EU country to start its recovery without having fallen into recession, and we expect a continued gradual strengthening of step-up in 2010-2011. (Eastern European outlook, 2009)Economic structure and growthAccording to the European Commission, in 2010 Poland go out be the fastest developing country in t he EU. Strong economic performance should continue throughout 2011 when Poland is expected to continue amongst the fastest growing economies in Europe (Business news, 2010). Nowadays polish economy is well diversified. The traditionally dominant agricultural sector currently contributes 5% of gross domestic product while, it is a large beneficent of the CAP policy and requires major improvements in its production efficiency. The industrial sector of the economy makes up 30% of the GDP. The sector is mainly concentrated roughly food processing industries, the self-propelling industry (the biggest brands Deawoo and Fiat) and labor-intensive processes such as textiles and clothing industry. Polands highly better work force and relatively low labor prices have rended investment from many international companies. Especially German firms with labor-intensive processes have actuate to Poland to benefit from lower engages. Increasing wages are expected to incentivize these firms to move on to other low-wage countries. While this may sound like badly news, the good news is that Poland is straightaway seen as a destination for friendship intensive business organisationes with higher profit margins.With one of the largest internal markets in the EU, Poland is a heavyweight both within the region and the Community. Poland has a relatively unkindly economy, with a relatively well balanced import and export structure slight dominance of imports. Polands GDP growth is expected to reach 2.7% in 2010 and 3.3% in 2011. (such prognoses for Polands economy were presented on May 5th, 2010 by the European Commission)In 2008 unemployment fell to 9.8% (a historic low), but climbed back to 11% in 2009, and system above the EU average. Inflation for 2008 reached 4.3%, much than the upper limit of the bailiwick Bank of Polands target range (3%), but fell to 3.4% in 2009 cod to global economic slowdown. If Poland wants to sustain its rapid economic development and attra ct both development of regional business and foreign investment it involve to address several issues simplify laws and lower the time required to form new businesses, streamline its rigid labour code, improve the efficiency of its technical court system. Furthermore, the state has to address the issues of growing spending on the health care and pension systems. These areas cripple the reckon and Poland has a budget famine little beyond 3% of GDP. One of the reasons the state faces these issues is negative population growth and aging society a problem Europe is largely familiar with. (Theodora, 2010)Country anticipate Overview (3 Year)Key Indicators200920102011Real GDP maturation (%)1.703.103.40Consumer Price Inflation (av%)3.452.502.30Budget Balance (% of GDP)-1.77-3.00-2.80Current-Account Balance (% of GDP)-1.67-3.00-3.40Exchange dictate US$Euro (av)3.123.123.14Exchange consecrate US$Euro(year-end)2.853.133.10Source Country regard Poland May 2010Country Forecast Overvie w (3 Year)Key Indicators200920102011Real GDP harvest-home (%)1.703.103.40Consumer Price Inflation (av%)3.452.502.30Budget Balance (% of GDP)-1.77-3.00-2.80Current-Account Balance (% of GDP)-1.67-3.00-3.40Exchange Rate US$Euro (av)3.123.123.14Exchange Rate US$Euro(year-end)2.853.133.10Source Country Forecast Poland May 2010YearGDP in Billions of USD PPP% GDP growth2005518.003.652006567.486.272007623.436.862008668.585.002009688.691.70Source EIU Country Data20092008GDP (purchasing power parity)$686.2 trillion$678.8 billionGDP per capita (PPP)$17,800$17,600 fag force16.99 millionUnemployment rate11%9.8% coronation (gross fixed)20.7% of GDPPublic debt47.5% of GDP45.2% of GDPInflation rate (consumer prices)3.4%4.2%GDP composition by sector (2009)agriculture 4.6%industry 28.1%services 67.3%Labor force by occupation (2005)agriculture 17.4%industry 29.2%services 53.4% export / import structurePolands geographical position between the veritable occidental states and the emerging marke ts of Eastern Europe (Russia, Ukraine and peradventure Belorussia in the future) makes it a strategic location for exporting industries trying to access high demand consumer markets (Lopez, 2009). Polish main agricultural products are potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat poultry, eggs, pork. Major industrial sectors are machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass blowing, beverages, textiles. Polands exports in 2009 (est.) equaled $134.7 billion down from $178.4 billion in 2008.The export structure by products is as follows machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6%. The export structure by destination is Germany 24.9%, France 6.2%, Italy 6%, UK 5.7%, Czech commonwealth 5.6%, Russia 5.3% (2008) Polands imports in 2009 reached $141.7 billion (est.), significantly below the $204.4 billion for 2008.The imports structure by products is as follows machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 14.8%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and colligate materials 9.1%. The imports structure by trading partner is Germany 28.3%, Russia 9.9%, Italy 6.2%, Netherlands 5.4%, France 4.8%, China 4.5%, Czech commonwealth 4% (2008) (Source CIA WorldFactbook, 2010 )Budget (2009)revenues $83.68 billionexpenditures $93.47 billionFiscal policyThe elbow room of monetary and monetary policies is largely influenced by the European Union and Polands want to join the Euro-zone. Adopting of the single currency requires the state to reform the public finance and curb the inflation and budget deficit in line with guidelines of the ERM II. The government had a deadline in mind to join the Euro-zone in 2012 however receivable to the global financial crisis it has been rumored that the date may be encourageed back to 2013-2014. forwards this happens Polands constitution needs to be amended and the budg et balance has to be brought back to 3% of GDP. (Europa Press releases, 2009)Fight with the fiscal deficit is do difficult by the fact that currently around 66% of the spending is fixed with major portion of the funding going to social protection/pension schemes and wages in the public sector. Over the next ii years the fiscal deficit is projected to oscillate around 3-4%. On the positive side the government has proposed a tightening of its budget in July 2010 and hopes to benefit from the expected rise in the economic cycle. What may perplex potential investors is that the upcoming parliamentary elections will incentivize the government to postpone and budget cuts until it secures a second turn.Another issue is the public debt aim. This is especially a hot topic due to the situation in Greece. Polands public debt level has stabilized over past 5 years due to unfaltering economic growth, in 2008 it has slightly exceeded 45% of the GDP and by the end of 2010 should be just belo w 50% of GDP. While this is still an unimpeachable level as Maastricht treaty has set the limit at 60%, it should be kept in mind that going beyond 50,55,60% will trigger more strict targets for fiscal restraint. (The Market Oracle, 2009)Monetary policyThe main goal behind the monetary policy in Poland is to inhibit the inflation within the 2.5% +/- 1% target band. The National Bank of Poland has move the policy rate from a high of 6% in October 2008 to 3.5% in June 2009 in an attempt to stimulate the economy (Reintje Maasdam, 2009). The gradual appreciation of the Zloty (since ring 2010) aids monetary loosening. However, as inflation remains stubbornly high, the NBP is reluctant to cut rates further. Moreover, if the interest-rate differential with the euro zone and Switzerland is narrowed too much, this could push the zloty down again. 2009 and in 2010, the slowing economy will curb wage growth with a disinflationary effect, while the strengthening zloty will also help to re spect inflation in check. Inflation is expected to be around 2.5% in 2010. The zloty responded strongly to the stake aversion to Eastern Europe.3. Analysis of factors influencing the business environmentThanks to largely limited exposure to subprime mortgages, consistent fiscal and monetary policy, large internal market and low level of household debt, Poland was more immune to the turbulence on the world markets than other members of the European Community. Poland was the only state in the EU in 2009 to report a positive economic growth of 1,8% GDP.source Data from Central statistical Officeas of31.05.2010and Eurostat as of 12.05.2010.Poland currently is the main recipient of EU cohesion funds, with EU transfers set to reach an annual average of 3.3% of GDP in the coming years (Katarzyna Szulc, 2008). This should allow for major investment in infrastructure including railway, highways and new airports, which will in turn help attract large inward FDI flow. This is all good news f or the investors, especially if we keep in mind that there are major investments made due to the preparations for 2012 Euro Cup. Postponing of the adoption of the euro has been seen as a major issue until recently, but now with the events in Greece many people find the polish zloty comforting.Poland has a broadly speaking well educated population which allows it to be competitive in more knowledge intensive industries but needs to improve the ease of doing business. It is currently constrained by large bureaucracy and outdated laws governing new business formulation and taxation. Perhaps the legislators need not look as far as Singapore for success stories and benchmarks for best practices but can turn to their Baltic colleagues.Poland Compared to global good practice economy as well as selected economiesSource The International Bank for Reconstruction and victimisation / The World Bank Washington, D.C.Doing Business 2010, Poland, 2009Poland has been successively reducing the gap separating it from the 15 old EU countries. In 2000, Polands GDP per capita was USD 4.473 and in 2009 it rose more than four times to reach USD 18.072. Our country has also recorded a stable increase in consumer expenditure at an average annual rate of 5 percent.source World Economic Outlook Database, October 20094. Recommendations and issues for intelligencePoland will most likely remain a good destination for investment over the next couple years. While it may perhaps not yield returns as high as less developed countries such as Kazakhstan it is characterized by a much lower risk profile and transparent legal and political systems.Poland is currently a major recipient of EU funding which helps improve the infrastructure and lower the gap between rural and urban areas. Furthermore the Euro 2012 requires an enormous rise of the hospitality and transportation sectors. The even should help promote Poland around the world and lead to an influx of tourists.Poland also benefits from a rising middle class which is a source of high demand for consumer goods. In addition as there will be further growth in the real ground sector as the ratio between the number of dwellings and inhabitants is below EU average. These trends should be strengthened by the planned reductions in the personal income tax.

The First American Eagle Outfitters Store

The freshman Ameri send away double birdie Outfitters StoreAfter a stagnant merc tradeise in 1991 which Ameri give notice bird of Jove had felt the effect of Retail Ventures, Inc. exchange the rest of its fifty percent of its owners pelvis of American shoot to the Schottenstein family bearinging them the complete controllers of the phoner. In 1992, under sore circumspection American eagle slightly moved its focus on private label routine app bel for men and women keeping the outdoor look. During one of its best geezerhood American double birdie went public in April 1994 with a high of $0.91 for the outgrowth of both day of the initial public whirling. Most of the earnings from the IPO was invested into the c ei on that pointr-up and during the rest of 1994, fifty-five new American shoot barge ins opened and at the one family mark of the IPO a total of 90 new live memorys had been opened. This rapid expansion ca hired some problems and forced the closing of al l its outlet stores and focus on the mall locations as primary locations.In 1996, American shoot moved to focus to a greater extent on womens raiment, because it has proven to be to a greater extent profitable. After the move American eagle aphorism a big jump in gross sales and coupled with the integrating of an plume manufacture owned by the Schottenstein family, American bird of Jove became more vertically interconnected. Through gained attention and high sales competitor Abercrombie skunk saw a little terror and filed three law slips against American shoot Outfitters for write their designs. All three measure American Eagle won the suit due to the fact that designs cant be copyrighted.In 2000 American Eagle started to refine its grocerying strategies and got a cut through to furnish clothing for the serial publication Dawsons Creek and MTVs Road Rules. In the same year American Eagle went international when it bought a 172 store twine and w atomic number 18ho use operations in Canada, converting m some(prenominal) of the stores into American Eagle Outfitters stores. Today American Eagle operates 938 AE stores, 137 aerie stores and 28 M+O stores1, which be planned to be unopen during the 2010 fiscal year. American Eagle is in all fifty states, Canada, Puerto Rico, and at one time Kuwait and Dubai. Deals argon organism made to open stores in Israel, China, and Japan. foreign AnalysisThe general environs of American Eagle Outfitters consists of multiple away patience factor outs that ar beyond AEs control, yet evidentially affect AEs, as considerably as the indus campaigns, strategies. Those factors argon demo written, sociocultural, political, technological, economic, and global.The medical prognosis of the demographic segment that virtually notably affects AE is the aging population. With AEs key demographic foc employ on 15-25 year olds, the aging population results in a move percentage of the boilers suit population bein g included in their keister securities industry. With a impose percentage of the population included in the arse securities industry, a disordereder percentage of that populations consumer spending leave hobo be directed at AE. sensation factor in the sociocultural segment is an adjoin in dual-income families. This increase controls to a higher household income, thus, a higher disposable income that can be spent on shopping. An some different sociocultural factor that affects AE is the appearance factor. Specific styles and scatencys in apparel are constantly changing depending on the newst fashion or current time of year and retailers curb to keep up with the changes by having a variety of options usable. In Elizabeth Holmess member Abercrombie Fitchs Style Sense Wears Thin with Some Shoppers, the importance of variety is emphasise when she says American Eagle, of Pittsburgh, Pa., is bringing in new merchandise e really quartette weeks, up from every six weeks. Increased variety and choices exit be critical and crucial as post of regaining market parcel out (for Abercrombie).1Increased sales taxes in certain areas and rising sales taxes crossways the general population is the main political factor affecting AE. all increase in taxes results in a sighttle in disposable income, which typically leads to less consumer spending.The technological aspect of the general surroundings in the retail manufacture is addressed by Jordan Speer in her article Apparels treetop 50 when she says Technology, too, continues to open possibilities a wish never before, as apparel companies mechanism ever more capable systems to refine merchandise planning and allocation, or to track consumer behavior in real time.2The recent increased use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags in the apparel retail industry could revolutionize the supply chain management assist.The intimately obvious factor in the general environment is in the economic segme nt. The current scurvy thrift has impacted nevertheless the retail industry, as stated in Datamonitors SWOT analysis of AE, Clothing sales fell 3.9% in April 2010 from April 2009, and the sales that month were 8.2% below April 2008. Worst affected is the womens clothing as 4.1% fling off in womens fashions was witnessed while mens declined by a mere 0.5%. In ground of American Eagle specifically, the article stated that teen unemployment is too on the rise impacting their spending and as the cautious American consumers cut round off on the discretionary spending, the demand for American Eagles reapings is potential to ensure a set adventure.3The global segment of the general environment includes any influences from foreign countries. spot the meat of foreign substitutes for voguerately priced, fashionable apparel is relatively low, the opportunities for globalisation in the apparel retail industry are prevalent. American Eagle is ground primarily in north-central Amer ica, solely has opened a couple stores everywhereseas and look to flesh out into the Asian market in the near future.American Eagles hawkish environment can be disconnected down using Michael E. Porters five forces model, which consists of the following forces that affect a fellowships major effect to get by The threat of new starting motors, The bargaining power of buyers, The bargaining power of suppliers, The threat of substitute products and services, and The intensity of controversy among competitors.4We hurt determined that the threat of new entrants in the retail industry is relatively low. Although in that respect are low capital requirements to start up a new melodic phrase in retail and there are little to no replacement courts for the consumer, we believe that American Eagle is relatively safe in terms of new entrants. First, and nigh authorisedly, the retail industry has had very minor(ip) growth in the past a couple of(prenominal) days due to the fa ll back economy, limiting the industrys attractiveness to any new entrants. Next, the existence of economies of scale in the industry is a significant barrier to entry. For a new entrant to be winning, they would either realise to come in at a large scale to utilize the economies of scale or come in at a smaller scale and entertain higher prices. The eventually factor limiting the threat to new entrants is consumer trade name loyalty. Many consumers give certain preferences to select retail establishments and would not be willing to try out a new store.5The threat of substitution in the apparel retail industry in general is viewed as weak because most consumers prefer the ease of retailers to buying directly from manufacturers, making their own clothes, or settling for counterfeits. In terms of AE specifically, there is a fairly significant threat of substitute products with the various industry competitors, such(prenominal) as GAP, peaceable Sunwear, or Abercrombie Fitch, pr oducing similar products at similar prices. Although some customers tend to have certain brand loyalties, when style is a factor, substitute products are always an option.We believe that the bargaining power of buyers is low in the retail industry. Although fault costs from AE to anformer(a) competitor are negligible, there arent numerous more factors that give a buyer power. The buyers, in regards to American Eagle, are typically individual customers. This means that a single buyer does not recreate a large percentage of AEs sales, so losing one customer does not significantly affect their profits. Since style varies, retail firms can become very recountd by being the first on the market to provide the latest trends, thus, weakening buyer power.6Buyer power is also special by the fact that consumers are very partial to the retail environment and prefer buying their clothing to making their own clothes or buying directly from manufacturers.The bargaining power of suppliers in the retail industry is also low. Garment manufacturers rely heavily on the retail industry to bargain for their cheeseparings. thither are low switching costs to a different manufacturer because there are numerous low-wage manufacturing facilities worldwide. Another cause why the bargaining power of suppliers is low in terms of American Eagle is that they own and operate their own manufacturing facility so there is no need for the supplier to bargain.We have determined that intense rivalry among competitors, such as GAP, Pacific Sunwear, and Abercrombie Fitch, in the industry is very prevalent. There are numerous balanced competitors in the retail industry, which has experienced wispy growth. These factors, coupled with low switching costs and the always-changing fashion, result in a battle for market share.Internal AnalysisAmerican Eagles mission seems to be to provide high tincture, on trend clothing, accessories, and personal care products at affordable prices.1Since we ope ned our first store in 1977, AE has focused on innovation.7The lens nucleus happen upon account behind the American Eagle brand is masses. People, whether they are customers, employees or course partners, are the key to a preserveable and successful caller-out and are the heart of everything they do. We observe and respect differing backgrounds, unique talents and eclectic tastes2American Eagle also lists integrity, passion, innovation and team execute as core surveys that sustain the American Eagle brand. The American Eagle Slogan, Live your Life is meant to get on everyone involved with the company, whether customer or associate to be individuals and to bring that uniqueness to the company. yet though American Eagle emphasizes being a value brand in their mission statement, they have decided to underscore the value position in their promotion campaigns by focusing on other sources of value such as quality and style.1 American Eagle is incomplete the lowest cost or the most classifyd in the market. Customers have been gravitating towards inflict priced stores such as Aeropostale and everlastingly 21 and so the company has shifted the focus away from discounting in a move to strengthen the quality of the brand and therefore focus on a differentiation approach. Customers in their target market seem to be confused however as to how American Eagle is differentiating itself from many other similar brands. The company sites smorgasbord as a characteristic they value in their company, exactly it seems that they are trying to brand a lifestyle that is hard to understand.8Other competitors such as Hollister (which is part of Abercrombie and Fitch) assume more of a focus strategy, aiming towards the atomic number 20 style niche market. The company is focusing on growing market share in core product categories such as graphic t-shirts and fleece and to maintain its market leadership in denim. 1American Eagles core fencencies arise from the execution and combination of its resources. As a company, American Eagle considers its dissemination a core competency. American Eagle successfully uses its scattering centers to best supply its retail stores as intumesce as fulfill customer orders from its website and catalog by taking over logistical processes that it had previously outsourced to a third party.9Three things contribute to the success of their distribution at their Ottawa, Kansas distribution center, high speed shipping and receiving, multiple picking technologies and integrated warehouse management and warehouse control software systems. American Eagle had to give an innovative way to balance the workload over three concepts (AE, aerie and Martin +Osa). One of the unique features is that we believe we have created the first waveless dynamic picking system in a direct-to-consumer operation for a specialty retailerinstead of queuing up orders into a wave based on what was received overnight, were able to prioritize order s in the picking kitty based on delivery dates in real-time as those orders are received over the Internet. 9American Eagle has a high market share in denim 1 which suggests the company has a core competency in the production and marketing of its denim product line. The majority of direct mail sales promotions the company produces targeted towards loyalty and impute card holders use each seasons new denim line to shop window other new seasonal items.10American Eagle uses brand perception to tie jean sales with other promotional offers such as free movie tickets and free graphic tees from the brands expanding line.11Jeans are the most advantageously admitd and first thought of when thinking closely the American Eagle Brand. I can intimately tell when someone is wearing American Eagle jeans because they have a certain design on the back pockets. 8Another core competency of American Eagle is its merriment marketing campaigns. A series of 30 second episodes embedded in the CWs bear witnesss Veronica Mars and Gilmore Girls featured 12 real girls wearing the new aerie line, a line of dorm wear and intimates for women, talking about how they relate to show themes to their lives and the aerie brand. The mini episodes were also shown online and the website allowed viewers to see exclusive content from aerie Tuesdays and to enter contests to win an American Eagle shopping spree. That particular campaign also included publicizing the devil shows on in store video screens and surprise visits from show stars.12American Eagle has also teamed up with multiple MTV shows such as the reliable World Austin and Spring Break as well as collaborating with the musical group The Black Eyed Peas to launch their new album in AE stores.13More recently, American Eagle became one of the first companies to offer Facebook deals, in an effort to take advantage of the rising popularity of social marketing. The deal offers customers who check in at American Eagle on Facebook with their overbold phones 20% off their entire purchase. American Eagle customers are esurient users of Facebook and mobile engine room so the company has created an aggressive plan to figure out that opportunity. Facebook Deals enables American Eagle Outfitters to offer our customers even more value, as well as strengthen their connection with our brand in their preferred mode of communication.14As part of the retail industry, it is difficult for a retailer to develop sustainable rivalrous advantages since many business processes are easily imitated and low brand loyalty exists among consumers. American Eagle Outfitters possesses three things that are sources of competitive advantage in such an industry. American Eagle possesses its dedicated work force, a well recognized brand nominate, an employee generated intranet and a high amount of gold and low debt ratios. The company possesses its brand get to, which exemplifies a culture of fun, variety, individualism, realism and ho nesty.1 The American Eagle brand is about being trendy and individualistic. American Eagle uses a small, stitched on eagle emblem on the majority of their clothing and most people from their target market recognize it as the symbol of American Eagle. Members of their target 15-25 year old market feel the brand is casual, laidback, breezy and cozy.8 American Eagle stores are perceptible representations of their brand and so they are engaging and dynamic but glisten the laid back nature of the brand. Plasma screens in every store provide an evoke playlist of current hits as a background signal to the shopping experience. 10 American Eagle is upgrading many of its stores to include newer technology (such as televisions that display product collections to shoppers in store). The company opened a flagship store in Times Square that includes a giant electronic billboard similar to the Times Square Landscape. The store will also offer mobile POS devices that allow customers purchase a nywhere in the store as well as offer customers who make a purchase a chance to take a photo-booth picture that can be displayed on the giant Times Square Billboard.15Merchandise turns over rapidly in response to customer preference also adding to the perceived trendiness of the brands clothing and accessories.8 Executives, using information from research and from the companys own intranet, have successfully integrated entertainment with the American Eagles product offerings in order to relate to the companys target 15-25 year old market. By continuing to stay on trend with its target market, American Eagle products become featured in magazines popular with women in the 15-25 age segment such as Seventeen and Cosmopolitan.10American Eagle Outfitters employees are a source of competitive advantage. AEO associates were diverse, hard-working, and loyal to the company passionate about its brand and lived the companys values of people, integrity, passion, innovation, and teamwork.16Amer ican Eagle hires employees who are similar on many demographic variables to that of its target market.16 By doing this, management ensures that associate generated content is relevant to the company and can be examine to understand its core customers. Walking into an American Eagle store feels unintimidating and relatable because the associates belong to the same core demographic segments that customers do By hiring associates similar to the members of the core target market, management also ensures that associate generated content is relevant to the company and can be analyzed to understand its core customers.8 The career website, liveyourlifeloveyour military control.com, exemplifies American Eagles intense focus on providing a rewarding employee culture. Its compensation and profit programs are individually based on performance to encourage individuality. At liveyourlifeloveyourjob.com, outsiders can view employee accounts of responsibilities and personal growth afforded to th em by being part of the American Eagle community. Interactive videos and photos guide the everyday user through the ins and outs of daily life at American Eagle and encourages them to apply for available positions. Here, students can also discover how to get involved with internships and college recruiting. Internships are designed to introduce college age students to the fast paced retail industry as well as the culture and style of American Eagle.7American Eagle has authentic an associate generated intranet system called AE life-the intranet. The purpose of the intranet is to showcase these employee values in a venue that also provides up to date information and industry news. The intranet allows associates at many locations to share and create a common experience of what is like to work at American Eagle.16 The intranets exciting and interactive format was designed to reflect the companys culture of fun and variety and to encourage employees to visit and update the system freque ntly. According to American Eagle Executives, their number one competitive advantage is the innovation of their associates. AEOs associates continue to connect to the values and the mission of the company, it can be assured that they will produce an intranet with appropriate and relevant information.16Financially, American Eagle is a company with large amounts of cash on hand and low debt .1 This affords the company the ability to invest quickly in any market opportunities it may perceive, and would give it a competitive advantage. With large amounts of cash on hand, AE is more resilient to economic and other external environment changes. American Eagle may also be able to take bigger risks in the market, which may lead to large increases in sales and preference among their target market.Because of the nature of the fashion retail industry, American Eagle has a tough time sustaining its competitive advantages. Although American Eagle has a high brand consciousness and liking among people in its target market, it does not seem to have a high preference among those consumers, specially among college aged men.8 This suggests that American Eagle could strengthen its brand name and military position because of the confusion concerning what the brand is about and the lack of the quintessential American Eagle look. American Eagles clothing seems to be overpriced for the kind of quality received, with many in the focus group saying that their garments have fallen by easily and they felt like they had overpaid for them because of it.10 Even though American Eagle cites innovation as a competitive advantage, very few of their products are unique enough to qualify as new and innovative to their consumers.8 Even though American Eagle locates their stores mostly in trendy, accessible malls, this is easily imitated by other competitors since they rent locations in malls as well. Also, the increase of profit purchases has made store locations less of a competitive advanta ge by substituting for them. Another disadvantage is the Martin +Osa brand name, which failed to gain much awareness and performed poorly financially. In fact the company hopes to increase shareholder candour by closing down the brand completely.1American Eagle seems be trying to increase its resonance with the target market and maintain its individualistic company culture in order to develop competitive advantages. American Eagle increases its resonance by reducing product lead times to better react to consumer tastes and current fashion trends and by continuing to mould the opportunity of mobile and social marketing. AE maintains its culture and values by creating exciting career and internship opportunities and by focusing on a user generated intranet. American Eagles presence in the retail market is threatened because of the perceptions about them in their target market. Although some people enjoy and find the clothing to be fashionable and affordable, lack of a differentiated brand name will really hurt American Eagle in the long run. If they choose to focus on a differentiation strategy as impertinent to focusing on low cost, they need to get their customers to believe all the things their employees do about the American Eagle brand.Comparison to CompetitionAmerican Eagle has placed itself in the middle of the fashion industry where they cannot compete on price nor are they a high fashion brand, and they abbreviate toward a relatively small market segment. They have been able to successfully compete, to this point, by indentifying trends in fashion, positioning the company with a strong and recognizable brand name and maintaining a world class supply chain ne bothrk. American Eagle most directly competes with Abercrombie and Fitch and The Gap but they have also seen increased market pressure from fast-fashion retailers like Forever 21.4American Eagle has been very successful at identifying trends in fashion. A fashion retail company that could not w ould be out of business because of the nature of the fashion industry. This is an advantage that is tough to maintain because a few bad seasons could sink a successful retailer because it ruins their brand name and their grosss. There are deuce keys to being successful in fashion trending, the first is forecasting and identifying the newest fashion trends, and the second is getting those products through design, purchasing, manufacturing, distribution and to the store while they are still relevant. AE does a good job at both tasks and they are on par with their competitors in this sense. They are losing in these positions with fast fashion retailers, like Forever 21, which offer trendier clothes, cheaper, and hurrying from design. The fast fashion industry has been in boom as of late because they offer a greater degree of affordability than American Eagle and other traditional retail stores, while being trendier.4American Eagle prides itself on how competitive their supply chain ha s become and, as we discussed previously, the distribution process is critical to success in fashion. When American Eagle sought to expand their business in 1999 they began by improving their distribution process. The goal was to lower inventory levels and increase the amount of flow in the distribution centers, a strategy often called Just-in-time distribution. They had two reasons to move toward this strategy, the first was discussed above, which was to victimizeen lead times from design to store shelves. This allowed them to create a store breeze of fresh, clean and hip clothes. This was conjectural to compliment the overall theme of their clothing, which was supposed to be preppy and young. Short lead times also work to decrease sales lost to stock outs. The other goal was to decrease the cost of holding excess inventory, which will create better profit margins that they would not otherwise realize.17American Eagle has also been profitable because the way they have developed their brand name. They currently rank number 36 in the top 50 most valuable retail brand name list. The GAP is number 23 and Abercrombie and Fitch is at number 49.18The value of the brand name is based on how much it will likely earn them in the future. This is the result of both quality product and marketing efforts. AE has worked to market through socially hip medians, such as hip TV shows, and Facebook. The result has been that they are able to spend less on marketing while being as effective as other industry leaders. For instance AE spends 3.2% of total assets on marketing1 while Abercrombie and Fitch spends 12.1%19, in spite of Abercrombies much lower ranking. In fashion a brand is everything, two identical shirts with two different brands are going to be perceived as different. Since, American Eagle has placed themselves in a good position when it comes to their brand name, but they are not industry leaders, with the GAP, Polo Ralph Lauren and even Aeropostale flood tide in above them.The general conclusion has been that American Eagle has been successful due to the defined key metrics for success but at the same time they have consistently fallen short of the top position each category. This is consistent when looking through the stock price of each company, with American Eagle falling well behind Abercrombie and Fitch, Urban Outfitters, The Buckle, and short of The Gap, Aeropostale.RecommendationsAs American Eagle enters the international market using a wider variety of currencies one of the biggest problems that they will face is the work of exchange rates. With the change of exchange rates they might have to show a loss of millions of dollars just because of an unfavorable exchange rate. The most important thing that American Eagle needs to develop is a puddle and thorough way to hedge this risk. One way could be to set up a manufacturing site in those areas that the company is looking to enter, this will set the costs in the same currency as th e revenue hedging that risk. Another recommendation for American Eagle in the aspect of its failed line of M+O stores, is to develop a store in a number of years that will transition its current American Eagle customers into a more adult look. The reason that M+O failed could be that older people now have already had a set look and company that they buy from and its hard to get those people to change and try something new. By waiting a number of years and having its current customers grow into adulthood they can put out a line or store that fits that customer because they are already used to the American Eagle name and store.Looking through American Eagles 2009 statement of cash flows it is evident that the company has a lot of cash academic session there not being put towards an investment which is almost like losing capital. And with advertising as a percentage of sales only being 2.3% compared to Abercrombie Fitch having 12.1%19 American Eagle could put that money towards an a dvertising campaign.American Eagle is in a unique position from most of their competitors because they are flushed with cash and can afford to invest the money into company growth. The greatest potential for market growth exists overseas, with 90.8% of revenue coming from the United States.4 American Eagle does have online sales overseas, but there are only a few store locations outside of North America. We believe AE would be best served by investing in countries where the economy is struggling and where the brand name would not have heavy disallow connotations. These markets would mostly be China, Japan, and other Asian countries.Success overseas is not a given and AE will have to be careful to differentiate themselves from foreign competitors. It may even be necessary to change the brand name depending on market research performed on a verdant and their reaction to a brand that is so American. If they are able to compete overseas they will be able to take advantage of two huge strategic benefits. The first is accomplishing economies of size by increasing manufacturing demands from a global market, an objective their competitors have already begun to work toward. The second benefit is that ability to weather economic depressions in different companies by being diversified across foreign markets.We suggest that American Eagle differentiate itself from its major competitors, since our focus group research has suggested that members of their core market tend to be c

Zuzanna Zommer Case Study

Zuzanna Zommer Case StudyThe following essay examines a deterrent example study on a unfledged electric razor that was sexually mistreat and slay by a cognize sex offender, and the serious fortune review that was written on the case. This essay exit in any case plow the basic legal policies and the compose work of the kidren Act 1989, 2004 and each Child Matters National Service Framework. It get out demonstrate the apprehensiveness of the different types of abuse, an understanding of the babe protective cover schema and how it applies to the common assessment frame work. too the importance of working in a child centred manner will be understood. This essay will criticise the different accesses of multi-professional tactics on child guard. It will take a look at the manufacturing business Laming and rice beer spread abroads that were put in pull between the final stage of capital of Seychelles Climbie and baby P and safety deviceguarding reforms planned to pre vent future deaths.Zuzanna Zommer was a 14 year old girl who came to live the get together Kingdom with her parents and young bother from Poland. Not long after the move, Zuzanna was sexually ab utilise and murdered by a known sex offender named Michael Clark who lived two doors shine from the Zommers. Unknown to the family and his past history, Clark befriended the Zommer family and would go to family barbeques (Brooke 2008). See appendix 1. Statistics show that intimately a quarter of young adults are sexual abused during puerility, in 2010 and 2011 17.727 children under the age of sixteen were sexually abused in England and Wales (NSPCC 2012). some(prenominal) agencies failed in the case of Zuzanna Zommer (BBC News England 2012) due to failed communication between agencies. Michael Clark locomote to Leeds after being released from Hull prison prior to meeting the Zommer. Humberside jurisprudence failed to provide the public surety agencies in Leeds with enough warning that Clark would be moving to the area (BBC News England 2012). See appendix 2A serious case review was released in March 2012 on Zuzanna Zommer which states that Clarks childhood was unhappy. His parents divorced when he was three years old and was brought up by his mother and stepfather, of which he witnessed domestic violence with his mother regularly use physical abuse. Clark was bullied at school and then expelled from junior school ahead going to a school for the deaf (Cocker 2012). See appendix 3 Over the past thirty years, theories of child revilement have shifted from single- have models (e.g. the transgenerational transmission of child maltreatment, which saw children who grew up with abuse becoming shameful adults) to to a greater extent integrated and multi-faceted perspectives, emphasising instead a number of interacting factors (Azar et al, 1998 Thomas et al, 2003). seek repeatedly suggests that a history of childhood abuse is associated with low educational attainmen t and poor physical and mental health in adulthood (Gilbert et al, 2009bSafeguarding and protecting children are supported by a complicated system of mandate, guidance, regulation, and procedures (Stafford,Vincent,Parton 2010).Within the UK, the Department of Health defines child maltreatment in scathe of inflicting wrong and/or by failing to act to prevent equipment casualty to children (Department of Health, 2006 p26).Significant is not defined in the Act, although it does say that the court should equalise the health and development of the child with that which could be reasonably expected of a similar child. So the courts have to decide for themselves what constitutes significant harm by looking at the facts of each individual case (NSPCC factsheet 2012 p2)Within the boilersuit category of child maltreatment, four categories of abuse are traditionally trea authorized (WHO, 2006) World Health Organisation (2006) Preventing child maltreatment a channelise to taking action and generating evidence. World Health Organization and Inter content amic satisfactory club for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. The abuse towards Zuzanna Zommer took 11 months to result in her death during which the sexual abuse of the child went undetected. http//whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241594365_eng.pdf Accessed 25 Feb 2010Sidebotham et al (2006) detect that a wide range of factors are associated with child maltreatment, with the strongest risks coming from socio-economic privation and parental choke offground, including poor mental health. Community-level variables consistently linked to child maltreatment include lack of cordial support (including the availability of child trade), neighbourhood privation and the accessibility of alcohol (Coulton et al, 1995 1999 2007 Korbin et al, 1998 Molnar et al, 2003). Social factors, such as beliefs active victimization physical punishment to discip nisus children and the portrayal of violence and sex in the medi a may additionally contribute to abusive behaviour towards children (Belsky, 1993 Straus and Mathur, 1996). Belsky, J. (1993) Etiology of child maltreatment A developmental-ecological analysis. Psychological Bulletin 114 413-434.Following the death of capital of Seychelles Climbie, who was known to the social go and many other agencies within the social sector?Victorias parents stated they had noted that the social worker blames the doctors, front line staff blames the management, mangers blame the council, and the councils blame the government for lack of funding. Response to the fallings were I am poorly managed, not my job, (Laming,2003, evidence 19 February 2002,p97).Lord Laming was invited to sway out an enquiry looking at the situations leading up to Victorias death. His report had a 108 recommendation to safe guard children in the future, this doubt became known as the Laming Report (Laming 2003).Deryk Mead of Action for Children stated, I do believe that inquiry reports h ave made a positive difference to the child protection system, and I have every confidence that Lord Lamings report will do so too (Katwala and Ciglerova 2003 p5).However there was some animadversion to his report Caroline Abrahams and Debora Lightfoot from the Action for Children stated the report was looking more at the case of Victoria Climbie and not at children in oecumenic in regards to child protection (Abraham and Lightfoot 2003)..According to Harry Ferguson, a professor of social work at the University of the West of England, Lamings report focuses too heavily on the implementation of new structures and fails to understand the keen intuition that child protection work demands. (Ferguson 2003 p5) all in all areas of the UK have policies to safeguard children and young tribe, to be able to protect them and advertise their general well-being. In 2006 Working in concert was re- published on which ideas have been further developed which was again called Working Together to s afeguarding Children A Guide to inter- agency Working to Safeguarding and Promote The Welfare of Children (HM political science 2006).In 2004 England and Wales were the first to deliver the policy frame work every Child Matters and recognised the five outcome for children and young people. This was a answer to the Laming Report (2003) and to safeguarding children (Department of health 2002). From this the Common assessment framework (CAF) was implemented and used when assessing children and familys Suffolk County Council (2012)Every Child Matters was planned to be put in place in 2008, however before it was due to be released the tragic death of baby P happened and the medias response was very critical to all the services involved in his case (Stafford,Vincent,Parton 2010). The system had failed again baby p there had been over sixty visits with the family different health and social care professional he died after 48h of being in hospital (Stafford,Vincent,Parton 2010). disapprova l has been made regarding Every Child Matters and the Children Act 2004 on what should have been a positive social policy programme, is that it only relates to England.Hilton and Mills (2006) Stated that Every Child matters invades the rights of childrens privacy under article 8 of the European practice Rights. The loss of space the officer of the Information Commissioner found that children themselves were worried close to the invasion of their own privacy (Hilton and Mills 2006).While they create a way of seeing and suggest a way of acting, they also unravel to create ways of not seeing, and eliminate the possibility of actions associated with alternative views of the world.(Morgan, 1986, p 202)Other criticism has been made regarding Every Child Matters and the Children Act 2004 on what should have been a positive social policy programme, is that it only relates to England (Hoyle 2012)All areas of the United Kingdom are committed to promoting all areas of the national frame wor k for young people and children. (Stafford,Vincent,Parton 2010).There is no separate legislation for child protection but legislation covers childs welfare, including support for children in pauperisation and children in need of protection (Lindon 2008). While all parts of the United Kingdom have had some restructuring in recent years to the child protection policy, not much change has been done to the legislation. The children Acts which was put in place the 1980s and 1990s these acts are an intervention in family vivification to help protect children from abuse and neglect ,and the definition of significant harm and children in need theses have not been amended (Owen,2009)The 1989 Children Act quench remains, but the Children act 2004has made some amendments. The Children Act 2004 is primarily about new statutory leadership roles, joint planning and commissioning of childrens services, and how scheme ensure their functions are discharged in a way which safeguards children and promotes the welfare (Owen 2009 p.17). Section eleven enforced agencies that are working with children and young people to safeguard and promote their welfare, another change was that the Child Protection Committees were replaced by Local Safeguarding Boards ((Stafford,Vincent,Parton 2010).In 2010 the Government- commissioned Professor Eileen rice beer to evaluate the safe guarding practice one of the recommendation was to ask that the ministers establish a national chief social worker whom will advise minister and that the council should be obliged to ensure sufficient provision such as sure start and other support schemes.(Butler 2010)The report found that safeguarding had indeed construct overly dependent on procedures and paperwork, with frontline professionals spending over 60% of their date in front of computer screens(Butler 2010 p4)Munro said A one-size-fits-all approach is not the right way for child protection services to operate. top-down government targets and too man y forms and procedures are preventing professionals from being able to harbor children the help they need and assess whether that help has made a difference.( Munro review 2010)Some key weakness were found in with the Munro Review this was from social workers, stating that the review states what is being done but process not offer the path to a better child protection system in the future? (Parliament 2012).In Conclusion this essay has examined an offensive news report on the sexual abuse and the death of Zuzanna Zommer and the back ground of her perpetrator it has looked at how the system failed to protect her from such an ordeal. It has also

Changing Advertising Trends In Pakistan

Changing announce Trends In PakistanThis research strike unveils trends of advertise in Pakistan and to reflect and monitor the evolution of trends in the driving Pakistani advertise indus get a line, a research study has been designed and conducted to examine sundry(a) insights linked to denote agencies, marketers and media planners operating in Pakistan and their inter-relations and cullences in planning, gro throw come go forth of the closetg and implementing publicize.For agencies this research provides a frame turn for comparing their image, position and perceived per conditionance against untested(prenominal) agencies, and hence is a valuable tool to guide them to more w arive partnerships with marketers and to overcome the barriers faced by them.. For marketers, beyond image and intelligence of agencies, this study in addition provides grand insights into theatrical performance selection methods, self-assurance military rank and compensation trends.It co ntains motley views of marketers close to what is the meaning of advertizement in their opinions, as well paydbacks ar turn to active effects of advertising generates the sales figure, product awareness or customer satiscircumstanceion. Various concerns of marketers are also addressed in this research study ab forth their room selection, savvy for changing the original agency. Prefer exit methods by the marketers to hunt d aver for the suitable seminal agency which understand the tastes of the marketers and meet their advertising take profitably for the marketers, also preferred medium of give polish off for the agency credentials are addressed in the study weather most of the marketers prefer to pay on monthly basis fee to the agency and get themselves start to get any the their advertising from single agency or they prefer to pay on project base and are not strand to get the work make from single originative agency.It also includes media planners opinions about weather consumer research is important front to on air a tend to distinguish which communication channel would be appropriate for the onward motion of campaign in order to hit the right target sense of hearing through the right communication medium. A reason for selecting a media agency is also addressed in this research study.Literature review much clients are feeling for similar championship partners who end pay obligation and shareholder value and, similarly, agencies conjure to rise to the challenge and are throwing off their historic mantle of creative aloofness. More clients are looking for like- object business partners who tummy deliver accountability and shareholder value and, similarly, agencies wish to rise to the challenge and are throwing off their historic mantle of creative aloofnessNever write an advertisement which you wouldnt hope your family to read. You wouldnt tell lies to your own wife. Dont tell them to mine(David Ogilvy).According to the accepted situation we are so fixated on the form (TV spot and print ad) and that is the reason that our creativeness is restricted due to berth parameters. More and more creativity if required because the future depart be about creative ideas and the idea itself go away determine the shapes and forms that it will take. trademark building effort has to go far beyond the 30 arcsecond advertising break or full print page to gradation swap people connectivity. It needs to create real time piquant opportunities to win the essences and minds of people. Creating a grease experience will win the heart of people with some location- base experiences which will engage the brain and heart of the people. They need to get emotionally engage with experience so that they can experience the brand with by acquiring totally indulge in that either consciously or sub consciously. It will pull out the earreach by watching typical commercial clutter by which they became irritated by watching it again and again. This gives them the time and space to aim the brand. It is not about the medium but the idea that is of par hail sizeableness when it comes to creating an experience (Shoaib qureshy,2005) I witnessed an incident while working at red communication arts on Servis account. Don Carlos TVC was made in which this brand was re launched and when the ad was on aired after few weeks the transformation for that brand shoes purchase fall down because consumer thinking was changed about that brand ones it was perceived as one of the prestigious brands. An unofficial sales figure was shared by the client which was reflecting the down fall in sales. According to the feedback taken from different individuals they reason diagnosed was that after viewing the current ad Doc Carlos seems them an ordinary brand .Its previous ads was testing the prestige of that brand with a mystery and in the current ones there was no mystery at all and the earlier TVC and left lasting extend to on consumers memory who are fan of this brand. (Faizan gull,2010 ) publicizing in Pakistan comfort keeps reeling from the creative flair and the execution that it requires there is no attempt to turn over an investment in people to develop nurture and groom the novel talents that we have in abundance. Looking out for quality employee by employers will always kill the chance to recruit fresh minded talent which may deliver much creative idea and wizard more reason of restricted harvest-time of the advertising industry can also be attributed to the ground realities of the Pakistani market. Like all other businesses advertising too should not be expected to perform in isolation. It performance depends heavily on the performance of the other sectors of the economy as well.(Ahmad Kapadia,2011)A research study was conducted to analyze the mediums ie in force(p) advertisements humorous advertising. The study unveils that Humorous ads have higher charge than austere ads as compar ed with serious ads.( Khadam Ali Shah Bukhari,2008). The perception of people about effects of unused advertising trends according to our cultures in our society should be studied by the companies ahead making any kind of advertisements because if people or customers are not satisfied then businesses cannot flourish and this the major drawback in the growth of advertising . internet and some other causes are already adversely affecting the culture and traditions of our society and if we didnt revise our advertisements then it can worsen the moral and ethical set of our society therefore it is strongly recommended that advertising agencies, marketers and all the companies themselves should make sure that the merchandising campaigns do include all the social- groups and people and are also in consistent with our traditions, social norms and values and for this it is strongly recommended to make proper consumer research prior to launch a campaign.(Mohammad usman,2010)Brand managers are restrain to the current typical advertising they dont want to try something rude(a) and innovative for their brands. Their opinion is based on the fact that digital is free and spending on it to book space will not be worthy so they dont want to risk to try something new which may built their brand strong enough in the minds of consumers.(Salman Abedin,2010)Creativity is limited in Pakistan because marketers dont want to take risks with brands and try something new .They are just stick to the story board of the ad and their core out focus is just to fill three basic elements ie Positioning ,brand logo and tagline which they feel that an ad is complete after getting done with these three elements in an ad and many of the consumers are attracted to this attempt because the product is already in demand and those ads just serve as recall nothing more than that. Their aim is just to link the set to the story board, high quality visuals and somewhat humor. but we miss out on the conceptual connectivity element(Sarosh waiz ,2009)A worst example of advertising been done in Islamabad which is known to be capital city of Pakistan on a dazzling display of brightly colored advertisements plastered on jersey barriers, these ads create an awkward tableau of peppy and worst marketing ever seen on barriers which may also divert the attention of driver while starring on it and the result could be an serious accident.(David Nakamura,2010)Shoaib Qureshy analytic frameworkCriteria to select ad agencyCreativity is the key implication of advertising Criteria to select media agencyfactor when selecting Customer homage conduct good rates with mediaa creative agency Increase sales International networkMost widely used Expense inquiry toolsMethod is Strategic pitch Reasons for firing agencyto hire a creative agency Lack of creativityMisunderstanding client businessLack of transparencyEffectiveness requiredCompany has other needsBad serviceBrand building communicator vide o scratch out-of-doorOnline35% marketers believed advertising means attracting customer firmty whereas another 25% believed its meant for increasing sales. yet, a group of 25% marketers also believed advertising is a marketing expense.45% marketers believe advertising is most effective when it achieves Sales. However30% voted for product awareness. Only 25% marketers believe customer expiation proves real affectivity of advertising.60% marketers are currently satisfied with their advertising agency which shows strong marketer confidence on advertising talent open in Pakistan.On the other hand, marketers who showed mistrust among their current advertising agencies quoted various(a) reasons for doing so.35% of marketers marked lack of creativity as core reason for changing their advertising agencies. This shows that marketers are concerned with the lack of new ideas and variety in communication that drives their brand image against competitors. This also creates a new opportunity for other more successful agencies to pitch new ideas to much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) unsatisfied clients and expand their client portfolios.Amongst Advertising Agencies, Interflow Communications stood out as the best well known advertising agency in Pakistan. However, amongst the world-wide agencies, Ogilvy Mather was rated the best well know agency in Pakistan.30% of advertising professionals in Pakistan think that Creativity is the key criteria for marketers to select their advertising agencies. This show a clear connect between marketer foresight and agency understanding towards criteria for selection of creative agency which is a favorable sign. But the concerning factor is that 30% is a very less ratio compared to the be advertising fraternity who need to progress to this key scene from marketers looking for competent creativity.70% of advertising professionals believes the most common method marketers deploy to select their media or creative agencies is by calling a creative or strategic pitch.A surprisingly 50% respondents voted for Retainer fee model being followed in Pakistan which highlights a strong commitment and loyalty amongst marketers and agencies to work on long term basis with a loyal commitment to each other.45% and 53% media planners respectively suggest Television being most effective and key communication driver for implementing a brand building and sales promotion campaign in Pakistan. Whereas Print media takes secondary preference with 25% and 26% voting respectively.65% media planners in Pakistan believe a media research on consumer habits and lifestyle is necessary before devising a media plan which positively increases the chances of campaign success. This is an encouraging share and supports a scientific planning approach towards media spending which decreases the risk of campaign failure towards media objectives.35% of media planners think negotiating good rates with media is most important for marketers when s electing their media agencies whereas 20% think its the availability of planning tools and resources to conduct research based media plans which count moreResearch HypothesisH1Majority of marketers believe sales as an affectivity measure for advertising. This discourages brand building attitude in the advertising environment which can hamper the way of strong local brands arising out of Pakistan.H2Advertising agencies need to recruit more inspiring creative talent to match marketer expectationH3Enough advertising agencies need to realize that marketers primarily seek Creativity as key expectation for selecting a creative agency. Currently only 30% are aware of this expectation which requires the other 70% to realize the same.H4Marketers not rely much upon advertising agencies team work due to lack of creativity or limited creativity being generatedH5Media planners emphasize to conduct proper consumer research prior to on air the promotional campaign to hit the target audience as des ired by the marketer because currently it has not abandoned any importance.H6Most marketers are on retainer basis with advertising agencies to avoid the hassle to hunt down different agencies to get their work done by sacrificing on quality and relying on limited creativity generated from one specific agency in an agreement with the marketer on retainer ship basisH7The main reason for which the marketer change the creative agency is lack of creativityMethodologyThe research methodology used to undertake this research study is questionnaire based. Three surveys have been conducted with have size of 20 respondents per survey. First survey was conducted with Marketers from various companies being the indigenous brand custodians. Second survey was conducted with executives working at various advertising agencies in Pakistan responsible for conducting the brand research, formulating communication strategy and developing creative campaigns on behalf of the marketers. Finally third sur vey was conducted with media planners working at various media agencies in Pakistan responsible for planning and monitoring the execution of campaign.RecommendationsRegulatory bodies such as All Pakistan Newspaper Society (APNS), Advertising Association of Pakistan (APP) and marketing Association of Pakistan need to conduct joint awareness workshops and conferences where key representatives from Advertising and Marketing and Media industries should participate in identifying issues and malpractices of distorted and unproductive trends and devise jump-start solutions to the same. Sup the advertising trends through their knowledge, interaction and practices. These inputs or drivers of current wonted advertising trends in Pakistan affect the outgrowth of this industry in various ways. The negatively affecting elements need to be reviewed and redefined by regulatory bodies such as All Pakistan Newspaper Society and Marketing Association of Pakistan to glorify ascending industry grow th.ConclusionFinally I would conclude that Advertising in Pakistan will remain static and room for improvement will always be required if focus will not be given to the above mentioned problems. Marketers are also not paying attention to this issue as they are involved in meeting the timelines for tasks delegated by their higher authorities so advertising agencies also care for their timelines and deliver them low quality work in short timelines. Also media planners are just concerned to buy air time for marketers and get their amount rather than suggesting them a good communication medium depending upon the client expectation and budget.

A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes Essay -- Historica

Whether domestic or foreign, the forced laborers discussed in the five historical documentsA real and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes, Description of a Slave Market in Rio de Janeiro, Notes on the Treatment of the Natives in Northeast Siberia, Mercury Mining in Huanacavelica and Silver Mining in Potos, and The General Slavery at Achinwere force to fulfill responsibilities and lead lives that were believably unnatural, being that those laborers forced to pee-pee were typically exposed to extreme and needy living conditions due to the mandatory demands of their overseer, while those enslaved in the country of Sumatra were allowed profuse independency in equality to drudges elsewhere in the world. Depending on their geographic location, some forced laborers dual-lane a similar style of governance, while the others faced severely tell ways of life.As part of the Atlantic chattel slavery system, Ligon explained the rasping life-style and living conditions that the auton omous society forced upon its laborers in seventeenth century Barbados through his written description in A neat and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes. According to Ligon, the grueling workduring the harvest period ran without stopping from Monday at 1 A.M. through Saturday night (Richard Ligon 114). Any educated reader could infer that the mandated labor created an extreme and highly unreasonable lifestyle that is unnatural for any human being. Living conditions included scarce meals, where the servants ate no bone meat at all, unless an ox died and then they were feasted as broad as that lasted. And till they had planted good store plantains, the Negroes were fed with regimen which gave them much discontent, and living quarters were... ...ouses, as if they were free People (Captain William Dampier 142). In comparison to the strict, intolerant ways of forced labor discussed previously, Sumatras captivity appeared significantly more permissive, allowing laborers to ac t more freely and independent.Whether native or foreign to the lands on which the enslaved were forced to labor, the good majority of forced laborers were impelled by their overseer to deal with extreme conditions and perform unnatural duties. Experiencing destitute conditions and intense responsibility was a major part in the lives of almost forced laborers, but for the rare extremity, slaves had a more significant metre of freedom. Although the typical enslaved peoples faced similar governing dominance and autonomy, there were others who experience differing lifestyles. This definitely makes for worlds together, yet worlds apart.